{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154504161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268","title":"CodeSpecBench: Benchmarking LLMs for Executable Behavioral Specification Generation","display_name":"CodeSpecBench: Benchmarking LLMs for Executable Behavioral Specification Generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154504161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121035175","display_name":"Zaoyu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Zaoyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133703420","display_name":"Jianbo Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai, Jianbo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133644123","display_name":"Boyu Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Boyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133661507","display_name":"Jingdong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jingdong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133717692","display_name":"Huiming Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Huiming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133655392","display_name":"Xin Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102407647","display_name":"Haoyang Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Haoyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133651214","display_name":"Zhijiang Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Zhijiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133685520","display_name":"Xiao-Ming Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Xiao-Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121035175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.21220000088214874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.21220000088214874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.09830000251531601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.07909999787807465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.9291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.6969000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-modeling","display_name":"Behavioral modeling","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.4009000062942505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.9291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7656999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7124999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.6969000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78639753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318160","display_name":"Behavioral modeling","level":2,"score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201677973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209840","display_name":"Specification language","level":2,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.31619998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117222624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575010","display_name":"Specification","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51929080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2425187","display_name":"Codebase","level":3,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102780508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761598","display_name":"Software requirements specification","level":5,"score":0.2630000114440918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4046221077442169,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"can":[4],"generate":[5],"code":[6,140,160],"from":[7,84],"natural":[8],"language,":[9],"but":[10],"the":[11,120],"extent":[12],"to":[13,34],"which":[14],"they":[15],"capture":[16],"intended":[17,154],"program":[18,155],"behavior":[19],"remains":[20],"unclear.":[21],"Executable":[22],"behavioral":[23,61],"specifications,":[24],"defined":[25],"via":[26],"preconditions":[27],"and":[28,51,73,76,99,159],"postconditions,":[29],"provide":[30],"a":[31,57,90,112,125],"concrete":[32],"means":[33],"assess":[35],"such":[36],"understanding.":[37],"However,":[38],"existing":[39],"work":[40],"on":[41,108,116],"specification":[42,52,62,133],"generation":[43,63,134],"is":[44,135],"constrained":[45],"in":[46],"evaluation":[47,67],"methodology,":[48],"task":[49],"settings,":[50],"expressiveness.":[53],"We":[54,129],"introduce":[55],"CodeSpecBench,":[56,109],"benchmark":[58],"for":[59],"executable":[60,80],"under":[64],"an":[65],"execution-based":[66],"protocol.":[68],"CodeSpecBench":[69],"supports":[70],"both":[71,94],"function-level":[72],"repository-level":[74,117],"tasks":[75],"encodes":[77],"specifications":[78],"as":[79],"Python":[81],"functions.":[82],"Constructed":[83],"diverse":[85],"real-world":[86],"codebases,":[87],"it":[88],"enables":[89],"realistic":[91],"assessment":[92],"of":[93,153],"correctness":[95],"(accepting":[96],"valid":[97],"behaviors)":[98],"completeness":[100],"(rejecting":[101],"invalid":[102],"behaviors).":[103],"Evaluating":[104],"15":[105],"state-of-the-art":[106],"LLMs":[107],"we":[110],"observe":[111],"sharp":[113],"performance":[114,146],"degradation":[115],"tasks,":[118],"where":[119],"best":[121],"model":[122],"attains":[123],"only":[124],"20.2%":[126],"pass":[127],"rate.":[128],"further":[130],"find":[131],"that":[132,143],"substantially":[136],"more":[137],"challenging":[138],"than":[139],"generation,":[141],"indicating":[142],"strong":[144],"coding":[145],"does":[147],"not":[148],"necessarily":[149],"reflect":[150],"deep":[151],"understanding":[152],"semantics.":[156],"Our":[157],"data":[158],"are":[161],"available":[162],"at":[163],"https://github.com/SparksofAGI/CodeSpecBench.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T06:09:31.884825","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}
