{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154508548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250","title":"How memory can affect collective and cooperative behaviors in an LLM-Based Social Particle Swarm","display_name":"How memory can affect collective and cooperative behaviors in an LLM-Based Social Particle Swarm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154508548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133031808","display_name":"Taisei Hishiki","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hishiki, Taisei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007424153","display_name":"Takaya Arita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-2255"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arita, Takaya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5131744109","display_name":"Reiji SUZUKI","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suzuki, Reiji","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.3513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.3513000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.2621000111103058,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11883","display_name":"Embodied and Extended Cognition","score":0.0608999989926815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilemma","display_name":"Dilemma","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-behavior","display_name":"Collective behavior","score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-memory","display_name":"Collective memory","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"Personality","score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-relation","display_name":"Social relation","score":0.3547999858856201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.43380001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100339178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2548752","display_name":"Collective behavior","level":2,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67448173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254217","display_name":"Collective memory","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130064352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853725","display_name":"Social relation","level":2,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187206662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55607920","display_name":"Social dilemma","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992793958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254217","display_name":"Social memory","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993691153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492","display_name":"Memory formation","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179226034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18599","display_name":"Short-term memory","level":4,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"how":[3],"model-specific":[4,207],"characteristics":[5,208],"of":[6,18,108,113,141,160,166,196,209,233],"Large":[7],"Language":[8],"Model":[9],"(LLM)":[10],"agents,":[11,56],"including":[12,212],"internal":[13],"alignment,":[14,213],"shape":[15],"the":[16,35,51,97,139,142,149,158,193,199,234],"effect":[17],"memory":[19,73,80,92,117,153,174,241],"on":[20,240],"their":[21],"collective":[22,87],"and":[23,49,71,106,187,227,242],"cooperative":[24,101,162],"dynamics":[25,201],"in":[26,41,45,128,192,218,223,237],"a":[27,46,83,90,111,215,229],"multi-agent":[28],"system.":[29],"To":[30],"this":[31,189],"end,":[32],"we":[33,77],"extend":[34],"Social":[36],"Particle":[37],"Swarm":[38],"(SPS)":[39],"model,":[40],"which":[42],"agents":[43,61,64],"move":[44],"two-dimensional":[47],"space":[48],"play":[50,214],"Prisoner's":[52],"Dilemma":[53],"with":[54,62,66,125,131,135],"neighboring":[55],"by":[57,157],"replacing":[58],"its":[59,178],"rule-based":[60],"LLM":[63],"endowed":[65],"Big":[67,120],"Five":[68,121],"personality":[69,122],"scores":[70],"varying":[72],"lengths.":[74],"Using":[75],"Gemini-2.0-Flash,":[76],"find":[78],"that":[79,171,188,206],"length":[81,118,179],"is":[82],"critical":[84],"parameter":[85],"governing":[86],"behavior:":[88],"even":[89],"minimal":[91],"drastically":[93],"suppressed":[94],"cooperation,":[95,155],"transitioning":[96],"system":[98],"from":[99,133],"stable":[100],"clusters":[102,109],"through":[103],"cyclical":[104],"formation":[105,159],"collapse":[107],"to":[110],"state":[112],"scattered":[114],"defection":[115],"as":[116,177],"increased.":[119],"traits":[123],"correlated":[124],"agent":[126],"behaviors":[127],"partial":[129],"agreement":[130],"findings":[132],"experiments":[134,145,197],"human":[136],"participants,":[137],"supporting":[138],"validity":[140],"model.":[143],"Comparative":[144],"using":[146],"Gemma~3:4b":[147],"revealed":[148],"opposite":[150],"trend:":[151],"longer":[152],"promoted":[154],"accompanied":[156],"dense":[161],"clusters.":[163],"Sentiment":[164],"analysis":[165],"agents'":[167],"reasoning":[168],"texts":[169],"showed":[170],"Gemini":[172],"interprets":[173,183],"increasingly":[175],"negatively":[176],"grows,":[180],"while":[181],"Gemma":[182],"it":[184],"less":[185],"negatively,":[186],"difference":[190],"persists":[191],"early":[194],"phase":[195],"before":[198],"macro-level":[200],"converge.":[202],"These":[203],"results":[204],"suggest":[205],"LLMs,":[210],"potentially":[211],"fundamental":[216],"role":[217],"determining":[219],"emergent":[220],"social":[221],"behavior":[222],"Generative":[224],"Agent-Based":[225],"Modeling,":[226],"provide":[228],"micro-level":[230],"cognitive":[231],"account":[232],"contradictions":[235],"found":[236],"prior":[238],"work":[239],"cooperation.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}
