{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154478672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138","title":"Retrieval-Augmented Generation Must Move Beyond Factual Grounding to Represent Diverse Opinions","display_name":"Retrieval-Augmented Generation Must Move Beyond Factual Grounding to Represent Diverse Opinions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154478672","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133689479","display_name":"Aditya Agrawal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agrawal, Aditya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119180964","display_name":"Alwarappan Nakkiran","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nakkiran, Alwarappan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001734821","display_name":"Darshan Fofadiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fofadiya, Darshan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133627019","display_name":"Alex Karlsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karlsson, Alex","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133688674","display_name":"Harsha Aduri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aduri, Harsha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.32199999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.32199999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.2159000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.16760000586509705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjectivity","display_name":"Subjectivity","score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-evidence","display_name":"Empirical evidence","score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"Public opinion","score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.3057999908924103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202889954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139554","display_name":"Subjectivity","level":2,"score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780469804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878352","display_name":"Rumor","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"position":[1],"paper":[2],"argues":[3],"that":[4,28,47,54,83,111,215],"Retrieval-Augmented":[5],"Generation":[6],"systems":[7,218],"exhibit":[8],"a":[9,32,126,210],"systematic":[10,87],"factual":[11,112],"bias-optimizing":[12],"for":[13],"epistemic":[14],"uncertainty":[15,21,108],"reduction":[16,182],"while":[17,118],"ignoring":[18],"the":[19,55,102,105,135,206],"aleatoric":[20],"inherent":[22],"in":[23,35,60,183],"opinion-rich":[24],"content":[25],"-":[26,163,171],"and":[27,64,77,92,124,132,153,157,167,175,193,213],"this":[29,71],"misalignment":[30],"demands":[31],"paradigm":[33],"shift":[34],"retrieval":[36,62],"system":[37],"design.":[38],"A":[39],"survey":[40],"of":[41,89,107,205],"35":[42],"major":[43],"RAG":[44,145,217],"benchmarks":[45],"reveals":[46],"only":[48],"one":[49],"addresses":[50],"opinion":[51,94,119,151,155],"synthesis,":[52],"confirming":[53],"bias":[56,72],"is":[57,230],"structural:":[58],"embedded":[59],"datasets,":[61],"objectives,":[63],"evaluation":[65],"metrics":[66],"alike.":[67],"Beyond":[68],"technical":[69],"limitations,":[70],"poses":[73],"risks":[74],"to":[75,186,222,226],"transparent":[76],"accountable":[78],"AI:":[79],"echo":[80],"chamber":[81],"effects":[82],"amplify":[84],"dominant":[85],"viewpoints,":[86],"under-representation":[88],"minority":[90],"voices,":[91],"potential":[93],"manipulation":[95],"through":[96,104],"biased":[97],"information":[98],"synthesis.":[99],"We":[100,208],"formalize":[101],"problem":[103],"lens":[106],"quantification,":[109],"showing":[110],"queries":[113,120],"should":[114],"minimize":[115],"posterior":[116],"entropy":[117],"must":[121],"preserve":[122],"it,":[123],"derive":[125],"unified":[127],"objective":[128],"over":[129],"coverage,":[130],"fidelity,":[131],"fairness":[133],"using":[134],"Wasserstein":[136,184],"distance.":[137],"As":[138],"an":[139,147],"existence":[140],"proof,":[141],"we":[142],"present":[143],"Opinion-Aware":[144],"(O-RAG),":[146],"architecture":[148],"featuring":[149],"LLM-based":[150],"extraction":[152],"entity-linked":[154],"metadata,":[156],"evaluate":[158],"it":[159],"across":[160],"two":[161],"domains":[162],"e-commerce":[164],"seller":[165],"forums":[166],"public":[168],"hotel":[169],"reviews":[170],"spanning":[172],"10K+":[173],"discussions":[174],"6K+":[176],"customer":[177],"reviews.":[178],"Experiments":[179],"demonstrate":[180],"18-48%":[181],"distance":[185],"corpus-level":[187],"sentiment":[188,191],"distributions,":[189],"+26.8%":[190],"diversity,":[192],"+42.7%":[194],"entity":[195],"match":[196],"rate,":[197],"with":[198],"human":[199],"evaluators":[200],"preferring":[201],"opinion-enriched":[202],"responses":[203],"79.2%":[204],"time.":[207],"propose":[209],"research":[211],"agenda":[212],"argue":[214],"as":[216],"increasingly":[219],"mediate":[220],"access":[221],"information,":[223],"their":[224],"ability":[225],"represent":[227],"diverse":[228],"perspectives":[229],"not":[231],"optional":[232],"but":[233],"essential.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}