{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154486555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001","title":"Divergence-Guided Particle Swarm Optimization","display_name":"Divergence-Guided Particle Swarm Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154486555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133711632","display_name":"Kleyton da Costa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"da Costa, Kleyton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077589714","display_name":"Bernardo Modenesi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Modenesi, Bernardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133629987","display_name":"Ivan F. M. Menezes","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menezes, Ivan F. M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133686438","display_name":"H\u00e9lio Lopes","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lopes, H\u00e9lio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133711632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.6553000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.6553000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.07360000163316727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.061900001019239426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-growth","display_name":"Exponential growth","score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4837000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.42890000343322754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6262000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.5794000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75235859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582659","display_name":"Exponential growth","level":2,"score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4837000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42890000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4171000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58758708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240233","display_name":"Premature convergence","level":3,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3068999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145446738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319913","display_name":"Convex function","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5917680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621825","display_name":"Basis function","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7218915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054475","display_name":"Gaussian function","level":3,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.12001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Particle":[0],"Swarm":[1],"Optimization":[2],"(PSO)":[3],"is":[4,52,62,152,189],"susceptible":[5],"to":[6,64,82,140],"premature":[7],"convergence":[8],"when":[9],"the":[10,14,31,47,70,80,83,149,158,180],"swarm":[11],"collapses":[12],"around":[13],"global":[15,48,77],"best,":[16],"particularly":[17],"on":[18,96,123,130],"multimodal":[19,124],"landscapes":[20,148],"in":[21,143],"higher":[22],"dimensions.":[23],"We":[24],"propose":[25],"Divergence-guided":[26],"PSO":[27,122],"(DPSO),":[28],"which":[29,59],"augments":[30],"velocity":[32],"update":[33],"with":[34,112,126],"a":[35,55,89,164],"modulation":[36,150],"term":[37,151],"that":[38,117,155],"repels":[39],"particles":[40],"whose":[41],"personal":[42,75],"bests":[43],"have":[44],"converged":[45],"near":[46],"best.":[49],"The":[50,167,186],"repulsion":[51],"gated":[53],"by":[54],"Gaussian":[56],"similarity":[57],"kernel,":[58],"we":[60],"prove":[61],"equivalent":[63],"an":[65],"exponentially":[66],"decaying":[67],"function":[68],"of":[69,85,128,184],"KL":[71],"divergence":[72],"between":[73],"Gaussian-embedded":[74],"and":[76,87,136,138,176],"bests,":[78],"connecting":[79],"mechanism":[81],"family":[84],"$f$-divergences":[86],"providing":[88],"principled":[90],"basis":[91],"for":[92],"kernel":[93],"design.":[94],"Experiments":[95],"36":[97],"benchmark":[98],"functions":[99,131],"(15":[100],"unimodal,":[101],"21":[102],"multimodal)":[103],"across":[104],"dimensions":[105],"$D":[106],"\\in":[107],"\\{10,":[108],"30,":[109],"50\\}$,":[110],"each":[111],"30":[113],"independent":[114],"runs,":[115],"show":[116],"DPSO":[118,156],"frequently":[119],"outperforms":[120],"standard":[121],"problems,":[125],"improvements":[127],"2-8$\\times$":[129],"such":[132],"as":[133],"Pinter,":[134],"Ackley,":[135],"Levy,":[137],"up":[139],"5$\\times$":[141],"reduction":[142],"run-to-run":[144],"variance.":[145],"On":[146],"unimodal":[147],"counterproductive,":[153],"confirming":[154],"targets":[157],"exploration-exploitation":[159],"trade-off":[160],"rather":[161],"than":[162],"offering":[163],"universal":[165],"improvement.":[166],"method":[168],"adds":[169],"one":[170],"hyperparameter,":[171],"incurs":[172],"15--25\\%":[173],"wall-clock":[174],"overhead,":[175],"does":[177],"not":[178],"increase":[179],"asymptotic":[181],"per-iteration":[182],"complexity":[183],"PSO.":[185],"project":[187],"code":[188],"available":[190],"here:":[191],"https://github.com/Kleyt0n/dpso":[192]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T06:09:31.884825","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}