{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154503590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856","title":"RAPRAL v1.0: RAdiation Prediction using RAy tracing and Line-by-line methods for hypersonic air flows","display_name":"RAPRAL v1.0: RAdiation Prediction using RAy tracing and Line-by-line methods for hypersonic air flows","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154503590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727262","display_name":"Yuzhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5368-1263"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yuzhe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064619665","display_name":"Qizhen Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-9167"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong, Qizhen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133696060","display_name":"Xiaoyong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xiaoyong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133656737","display_name":"Quanhua Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Quanhua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.7928000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.7928000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12304","display_name":"Radiative Heat Transfer Studies","score":0.12600000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10553","display_name":"Combustion and flame dynamics","score":0.04019999876618385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.6661999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersonic-speed","display_name":"Hypersonic speed","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-flux","display_name":"Radiation flux","score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-flux","display_name":"Radiative flux","score":0.5551999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-radiation","display_name":"Thermal radiation","score":0.4738999903202057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6661999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122824865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830787","display_name":"Hypersonic speed","level":2,"score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80559505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977908","display_name":"Radiation flux","level":3,"score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68130645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280375","display_name":"Radiative flux","level":3,"score":0.5551999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89394759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192593","display_name":"Thermal radiation","level":2,"score":0.4738999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4345000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4138999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15908118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997395","display_name":"Radiative cooling","level":2,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.3944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124967146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457898","display_name":"Spectral resolution","level":3,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159188206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382","display_name":"Heat flux","level":3,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7337166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292280","display_name":"Earth's energy budget","level":3,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11856","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"radiation":[2,49,149],"solver,":[3],"RAPRAL":[4,25,92,109,157],"(RAdiation":[5],"Prediction":[6],"based":[7,123],"on":[8,73,124],"RAy":[9],"tracing":[10],"and":[11,47,54,66,78,144,170],"Line-by-line)":[12],"implemented":[13],"in":[14,59,89,117,166],"C++,":[15],"is":[16,110,158],"developed":[17],"for":[18,162],"simulating":[19,163],"high-temperature":[20],"thermochemical":[21],"nonequilibrium":[22],"radiative":[23,37,115,141,164],"processes.":[24],"integrates":[26],"detailed":[27],"line-by-line":[28],"spectral":[29,45,81,100],"modeling":[30],"with":[31,85],"a":[32,103,125,159],"ray-tracing":[33],"solution":[34],"of":[35,43,68,76,106,140],"the":[36,63,74,86,90,118,134,147,152],"transfer":[38],"equation,":[39],"enabling":[40],"accurate":[41],"resolution":[42],"both":[44],"features":[46,101],"spatial":[48],"transport.":[50],"The":[51,130],"adopted":[52],"methods":[53],"their":[55],"implementation":[56],"are":[57],"described":[58],"detail.":[60],"To":[61],"assess":[62],"overall":[64],"capability":[65],"accuracy":[67],"RAPRAL,":[69],"we":[70],"first":[71],"focus":[72],"computation":[75],"atomic":[77],"molecular":[79],"bulk":[80],"coefficients.":[82],"Through":[83],"comparison":[84],"established":[87],"code":[88],"literature,":[91],"demonstrates":[93],"its":[94,175],"ability":[95],"to":[96,112,177,181],"accurately":[97],"capture":[98],"key":[99],"across":[102],"wide":[104],"range":[105],"conditions.":[107],"Moreover,":[108],"applied":[111],"predict":[113],"afterbody":[114],"heating":[116],"Fire":[119],"II":[120],"flight":[121],"experiment,":[122],"two-temperature,":[126],"11-species":[127],"air":[128,168],"flowfield.":[129],"results":[131,154],"demonstrate":[132,155],"that":[133,156],"present":[135],"approach":[136],"provides":[137],"reliable":[138],"predictions":[139],"heat":[142],"flux":[143],"effectively":[145],"captures":[146],"dominant":[148],"mechanisms.":[150],"Overall,":[151],"presented":[153],"robust":[160],"tool":[161],"processes":[165],"hypersonic":[167],"flows,":[169],"future":[171],"versions":[172],"will":[173],"extend":[174],"capabilities":[176],"include":[178],"species":[179],"relevant":[180],"planetary":[182],"atmospheres.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-16T00:00:00"}
