{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154309329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225","title":"Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs","display_name":"Sign Language Recognition in the Age of LLMs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154309329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119961030","display_name":"V\u00e1clav Javorek","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javorek, Vaclav","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000489424","display_name":"Jakub Honz\u00edk","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honzik, Jakub","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002824719","display_name":"Ivan Gruber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-433X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gruber, Ivan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119961029","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u017delezn\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-7069"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zelezny, Tomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071580125","display_name":"Marek Hr\u00faz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7851-9879"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hruz, Marek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.5861999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.35190001130104065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.631600022315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.5861999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5224999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5095999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780878386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659648","display_name":"Visual language","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.11225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7337467074394226}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"Vision":[1],"Language":[2],"Models":[3],"(VLMs)":[4],"have":[5],"demonstrated":[6],"strong":[7],"performance":[8],"across":[9],"a":[10,57,90],"wide":[11,91],"range":[12],"of":[13,21,50,119],"multimodal":[14],"reasoning":[15],"tasks.":[16],"This":[17],"raises":[18],"the":[19,48,68,117],"question":[20],"whether":[22],"such":[23,33],"general-purpose":[24],"models":[25,99,111],"can":[26],"also":[27],"address":[28],"specialized":[29],"visual":[30],"recognition":[31,38],"problems":[32],"as":[34],"isolated":[35],"sign":[36],"language":[37],"(ISLR)":[39],"without":[40],"task-specific":[41],"training.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"work,":[45],"we":[46],"investigate":[47],"capability":[49],"modern":[51],"VLMs":[52,66,81],"to":[53],"perform":[54],"ISLR":[55,87],"in":[56],"zero-shot":[58,77],"setting.":[59],"We":[60],"evaluate":[61],"several":[62],"open-source":[63,80],"and":[64,106,122],"proprietary":[65,110],"on":[67,132],"WLASL300":[69],"benchmark.":[70],"Our":[71],"experiments":[72,95],"show":[73],"that,":[74],"under":[75],"prompt-only":[76],"inference,":[78],"current":[79],"remain":[82],"far":[83],"behind":[84],"classic":[85],"supervised":[86],"classifiers":[88],"by":[89],"margin.":[92],"However,":[93],"follow-up":[94],"reveal":[96],"that":[97],"these":[98],"capture":[100],"partial":[101],"visual-semantic":[102],"alignment":[103],"between":[104],"signs":[105],"text":[107],"descriptions.":[108],"Larger":[109],"achieve":[112],"substantially":[113],"higher":[114],"accuracy,":[115],"highlighting":[116],"importance":[118],"model":[120],"scale":[121],"training":[123],"data":[124],"diversity.":[125],"All":[126],"our":[127],"code":[128],"is":[129],"publicly":[130],"available":[131],"GitHub.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}
