{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154255707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776","title":"Natural Language to What? A Vision for Intermediate Representations in NL-to-X Querying","display_name":"Natural Language to What? A Vision for Intermediate Representations in NL-to-X Querying","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154255707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133559647","display_name":"Shengqi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Shengqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133600209","display_name":"Amarnath Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dasgupta, Subhasis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Altintas, Ilkay","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Altintas, Ilkay","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gupta, Amarnath","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gupta, Amarnath","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.34700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.34700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.23800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.11640000343322754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5364999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-understanding","display_name":"Language understanding","score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing","display_name":"Framing (construction)","score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4359000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-computing","display_name":"Semantic computing","score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-data-model","display_name":"Semantic data model","score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-mapping","display_name":"Semantic mapping","score":0.36090001463890076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8108999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5364999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5281000137329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4359000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511149849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449051","display_name":"Semantic computing","level":3,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90312973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449052","display_name":"Semantic data model","level":2,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775955345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449071","display_name":"Semantic mapping","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778493491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449072","display_name":"Semantic matching","level":3,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67277372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449085","display_name":"Semantic role labeling","level":3,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202708506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449050","display_name":"Semantic compression","level":5,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244916","display_name":"Intermediate language","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99695388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350514","display_name":"Raised-relief map","level":3,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.2535000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47227123379707336,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural-language-initiated":[0],"querying":[1],"is":[2,20,26,90],"usually":[3],"framed":[4],"as":[5,13,80],"translation":[6],"into":[7],"a":[8,121,135],"predetermined":[9],"backend":[10],"language":[11],"such":[12],"SQL,":[14],"Cypher,":[15],"or":[16,95],"SPARQL.":[17],"That":[18],"framing":[19],"appropriate":[21],"when":[22],"the":[23,35,48,69,81,88,106,128],"semantic":[24,50,116,140],"target":[25,57,78,89,141],"known":[27],"in":[28,86,105,151],"advance,":[29],"but":[30,114],"it":[31],"does":[32],"not":[33,110],"cover":[34],"full":[36],"space":[37],"of":[38,124],"natural-language":[39],"query":[40],"workloads.":[41],"In":[42],"document-centric,":[43],"mixed,":[44],"and":[45,100,133,148],"heterogeneous":[46,146],"environments,":[47],"first":[49],"problem":[51],"may":[52],"be":[53,59,98],"to":[54],"determine":[55],"what":[56],"should":[58],"constructed":[60],"before":[61],"backend-specific":[62],"execution":[63],"can":[64],"begin.":[65],"This":[66],"paper":[67,119],"proposes":[68],"$\\textit{NLIQ}~$":[70,125],"lens":[71],"for":[72,83],"this":[73],"broader":[74],"space.":[75],"It":[76],"introduces":[77],"adequacy":[79],"criterion":[82],"distinguishing":[84],"settings":[85],"which":[87],"given,":[91],"only":[92],"partially":[93],"specified,":[94],"must":[96],"itself":[97],"constructed,":[99],"argues":[101],"that":[102],"intermediate":[103,143],"representations":[104],"latter":[107],"regimes":[108],"are":[109],"merely":[111],"implementation":[112],"devices":[113],"first-class":[115],"objects.":[117],"The":[118],"develops":[120],"compact":[122],"framework":[123],"regimes,":[126],"illustrates":[127],"distinction":[129],"through":[130],"representative":[131],"examples,":[132],"identifies":[134],"new":[136],"research":[137],"terrain":[138],"around":[139],"formation,":[142],"representation":[144],"design,":[145],"compilation,":[147],"answer":[149],"formation":[150],"complex":[152],"data":[153],"environments.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}
