{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154396668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627","title":"Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment","display_name":"Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154396668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133554302","display_name":"Yang Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui, Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133575110","display_name":"Jingyuan Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Jingyuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133566402","display_name":"Yizheng Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Yizheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133559520","display_name":"Yifan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yifan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053847761","display_name":"Yunhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-0612"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yunhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101370719","display_name":"Jixing Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Jixing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133619280","display_name":"Shaonan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Shaonan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133618938","display_name":"Hongpeng Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Hongpeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040585758","display_name":"John Hale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-0655"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hale, John","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133591564","display_name":"Chengqing Zong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zong, Chengqing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133598893","display_name":"Goran Nenadic","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nenadic, Goran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9451000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9451000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.018300000578165054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.6295999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"Neuroimaging","score":0.5788999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-listening","display_name":"Active listening","score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psycholinguistics","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoencephalography","display_name":"Magnetoencephalography","score":0.3343000113964081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6409000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.6295999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.5788999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5511000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4115999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.4108999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89267518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","level":3,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556910895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384188","display_name":"Magnetoencephalography","level":3,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52338299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004354","display_name":"Functional neuroimaging","level":3,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30081","display_name":"Multilingualism","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94922259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33215","display_name":"Constructed language","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182752723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474590","display_name":"Functional imaging","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8357173204421997,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"the":[1,37,137],"brain":[2,26,134],"supports":[3],"language":[4,50],"across":[5,28,69],"different":[6],"languages":[7,70],"is":[8,40],"a":[9,15,108,144,152],"basic":[10],"question":[11],"in":[12,84,99,128],"neuroscience":[13],"and":[14,56,81,103,150],"useful":[16],"test":[17],"for":[18,74,136,155],"multilingual":[19,48,157],"artificial":[20],"intelligence.":[21],"Neuroimaging":[22],"has":[23],"identified":[24],"language-responsive":[25],"regions":[27],"languages,":[29],"but":[30,131],"it":[31],"cannot":[32],"by":[33,61,116],"itself":[34],"show":[35],"whether":[36],"underlying":[38],"processing":[39],"shared":[41,110,145],"or":[42,71],"language-specific.":[43],"Here":[44],"we":[45],"use":[46],"six":[47],"large":[49],"models":[51,83],"(LLMs)":[52],"as":[53],"controllable":[54],"systems":[55],"create":[57],"targeted":[58],"``computational":[59],"lesions''":[60],"zeroing":[62],"small":[63],"parameter":[64],"sets":[65],"that":[66],"are":[67],"important":[68,73],"especially":[72],"one":[75],"language.":[76,140],"We":[77],"then":[78],"compare":[79],"intact":[80,120],"lesioned":[82],"predicting":[85],"functional":[86],"magnetic":[87],"resonance":[88],"imaging":[89],"(fMRI)":[90],"responses":[91],"during":[92],"100":[93],"minutes":[94],"of":[95],"naturalistic":[96],"story":[97],"listening":[98],"native":[100,139],"English,":[101],"Chinese":[102],"French":[104],"(112":[105],"participants).":[106],"Lesioning":[107],"compact":[109],"core":[111],"reduces":[112],"whole-brain":[113],"encoding":[114],"correlation":[115],"60.32%":[117],"relative":[118],"to":[119],"models,":[121],"whereas":[122],"language-specific":[123],"lesions":[124],"preserve":[125],"cross-language":[126],"separation":[127],"embedding":[129],"space":[130],"selectively":[132],"weaken":[133],"predictivity":[135],"matched":[138],"These":[141],"results":[142],"support":[143],"backbone":[146],"with":[147],"embedded":[148],"specializations":[149],"provide":[151],"causal":[153],"framework":[154],"studying":[156],"brain-model":[158],"alignment.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}