{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154397648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566","title":"Israel-Hamas War on X: A Case Study of Coordinated Campaigns and Information Integrity","display_name":"Israel-Hamas War on X: A Case Study of Coordinated Campaigns and Information Integrity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154397648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133590412","display_name":"Tu\u011frulcan Elmas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elmas, Tu\u011frulcan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133555595","display_name":"Filipi Nascimento Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silva, Filipi Nascimento","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133564365","display_name":"Manita Pote","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pote, Manita","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097821609","display_name":"Priyanka Dey","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dey, Priyanka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077183666","display_name":"Keng-Chi Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3545-5553"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang, Keng-Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063853161","display_name":"Jinyi Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7757-1642"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye, Jinyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133566487","display_name":"Luca Luceri","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luceri, Luca","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027163845","display_name":"Cody Buntain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4797-3726"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buntain, Cody","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133615494","display_name":"Emilio Ferrara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferrara, Emilio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011228873","display_name":"Alessandro Flammini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-9156"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flammini, Alessandro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133560240","display_name":"Fil Menczer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menczer, Fil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133590412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.4754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.4754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.21490000188350677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.09350000321865082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderation","display_name":"Moderation","score":0.7059000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proxy","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrative","display_name":"Narrative","score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-analysis","display_name":"Content analysis","score":0.43389999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.7059000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780148112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432581","display_name":"Proxy (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3352000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020234875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1260632","display_name":"Media content","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.10566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4090370535850525}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coordinated":[0],"campaigns":[1,35,95],"on":[2,48,98],"social":[3],"media":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6,40,74,114,160],"critical":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,139,179,187],"shaping":[10],"crisis":[11],"information":[12,26,37],"environments,":[13],"particularly":[14],"during":[15],"the":[16,31,44,130,134,164,167,192],"onset":[17],"of":[18,43,129,171],"conflicts":[19],"when":[20],"uncertainty":[21],"is":[22,27,159,209],"high":[23],"and":[24,36,55,87,105,108,149],"verified":[25],"scarce.":[28],"We":[29,51,69],"study":[30,42],"interplay":[32],"between":[33],"coordinated":[34,64,94,132],"integrity":[38],"through":[39,73],"case":[41],"2023":[45],"Israel-Hamas":[46],"War":[47],"Twitter":[49],"(X).":[50],"analyze":[52],"4.5~million":[53],"tweets":[54],"employ":[56],"established":[57],"coordination":[58,201],"detection":[59],"methods":[60],"to":[61,211],"identify":[62],"11":[63],"groups":[65,72,136],"involving":[66],"541":[67],"accounts.":[68],"characterize":[70],"these":[71],"multimodal":[75],"analysis":[76,91],"that":[77,93,199],"includes":[78],"topics,":[79],"account":[80],"amplification,":[81],"toxicity,":[82,148],"emotional":[83,150],"tone,":[84],"visual":[85],"themes,":[86],"misleading":[88,123,172],"claims.":[89],"Our":[90],"reveal":[92],"rely":[96],"predominantly":[97],"low-complexity":[99],"tactics,":[100],"such":[101,181],"as":[102],"retweet":[103],"amplification":[104],"copy-paste":[106],"diffusion,":[107],"promote":[109],"distinct":[110],"narratives":[111],"consistent":[112],"with":[113,204],"fragmented":[115],"manipulation":[116],"landscape,":[117],"without":[118],"centralized":[119],"control.":[120],"Widely":[121],"amplified":[122],"claims":[124],"concentrate":[125],"within":[126],"just":[127],"three":[128],"identified":[131],"groups;":[133],"remaining":[135],"primarily":[137],"engage":[138],"advocacy,":[140],"religious":[141],"solidarity,":[142],"or":[143],"humanitarian":[144],"mobilization.":[145],"Claim-level":[146],"integrity,":[147],"signals":[151],"are":[152],"mutually":[153],"uncorrelated:":[154],"no":[155],"single":[156],"behavioral":[157],"signal":[158],"reliable":[161],"proxy":[162],"for":[163,174],"others.":[165],"Targeting":[166],"most":[168],"prolific":[169,185],"spreaders":[170],"content":[173,207],"moderation":[175,214],"would":[176,189],"be":[177],"effective":[178],"reducing":[180],"content.":[182],"However,":[183],"targeting":[184],"amplifiers":[186],"general":[188],"not":[190],"achieve":[191],"same":[193],"mitigation":[194],"effect.":[195],"These":[196],"findings":[197],"suggest":[198],"evaluating":[200],"structures":[202],"jointly":[203],"their":[205],"specific":[206],"footprints":[208],"needed":[210],"effectively":[212],"prioritize":[213],"interventions.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}