{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154252312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836","title":"COMPOSITE-Stem","display_name":"COMPOSITE-Stem","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154252312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133584286","display_name":"Kyle Waters","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waters, Kyle","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094056857","display_name":"Lucas Nuzzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuzzi, Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098656541","display_name":"Tadhg Looram","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Looram, Tadhg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031561293","display_name":"Alessandro Tomasiello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5772-5729"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasiello, Alessandro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118844902","display_name":"Ariel Ghislain Kemogne Kamdoum","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamdoum, Ariel Ghislain Kemogne","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049958611","display_name":"Bikun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5044-3131"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Bikun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133555797","display_name":"Damien Sileo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sileo, Damien","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133563439","display_name":"Egor Kretov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kretov, Egor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133605126","display_name":"Francesco Fournier-Facio","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fournier-Facio, Francesco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133596685","display_name":"Georgios Soloupis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soloupis, Georgios","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133618243","display_name":"Haile Kassahun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kassahun, Haile","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125327698","display_name":"Hew Wolff","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolff, Hew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124106486","display_name":"Jiaqi Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Jiaqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125318002","display_name":"Lianghui Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Lianghui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091690351","display_name":"Marc Roth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-9418"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roth, Marc","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133573367","display_name":"Mohinder Naiya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naiya, Mohinder","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040132194","display_name":"Naixu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6694-6454"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Naixu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124246265","display_name":"Qicheng Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang, Qicheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133557226","display_name":"Richard Wheeler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wheeler, Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014759709","display_name":"Samuele Sala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2971-646X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sala, Samuele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125312403","display_name":"Serguei Popov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Popov, Serguei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133555883","display_name":"Steven Dillman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dillmann, Steven","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133590326","display_name":"Yuqi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yuqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.5454000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.5454000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.13120000064373016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.042100001126527786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubric","display_name":"Rubric","score":0.7892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6204000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frontier","display_name":"Frontier","score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.4133000075817108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111640148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847349","display_name":"Rubric","level":2,"score":0.7892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6362000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6204000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.4133000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AI":[0,27],"agents":[1],"hold":[2],"growing":[3],"promise":[4],"for":[5],"accelerating":[6],"scientific":[7,140],"discovery;":[8],"yet,":[9],"a":[10,52],"lack":[11],"of":[12,54,85,139],"frontier":[13,105],"evaluations":[14],"hinders":[15],"adoption":[16],"into":[17],"real":[18],"workflows.":[19],"Expert-written":[20],"benchmarks":[21],"have":[22,34],"proven":[23],"effective":[24],"at":[25,31],"measuring":[26],"reasoning,":[28],"but":[29],"most":[30],"this":[32,47],"stage":[33],"become":[35],"saturated":[36],"and":[37,62,73,131],"only":[38],"measure":[39],"performance":[40],"on":[41],"constrained":[42],"outputs.":[43,88],"To":[44],"help":[45],"address":[46],"gap,":[48],"we":[49,102],"introduce":[50],"COMPOSITE-STEM,":[51],"benchmark":[53,69],"70":[55],"expert-written":[56],"tasks":[57,122],"in":[58,142],"physics,":[59],"biology,":[60],"chemistry,":[61],"mathematics,":[63],"curated":[64],"by":[65],"doctoral-level":[66],"researchers.":[67],"Our":[68],"combines":[70],"exact-match":[71],"grading":[72,79],"criterion-based":[74],"rubrics":[75],"with":[76,125],"an":[77,90],"LLM-as-a-jury":[78],"protocol,":[80],"allowing":[81],"more":[82],"flexible":[83],"assessment":[84],"scientifically":[86],"meaningful":[87],"Using":[89],"adapted":[91],"multimodal":[92],"Terminus-2":[93],"agent":[94,119],"harness":[95],"within":[96],"the":[97],"Harbor":[98],"agentic":[99],"evaluation":[100],"framework,":[101],"evaluate":[103],"four":[104],"models.":[106],"The":[107],"top-performing":[108],"model":[109],"achieves":[110],"21%,":[111],"demonstrating":[112],"that":[113],"COMPOSITE-STEM":[114],"captures":[115],"capabilities":[116],"beyond":[117],"current":[118],"reach.":[120],"All":[121],"are":[123],"open-sourced":[124],"contributor":[126],"permission":[127],"to":[128,132],"support":[129],"reproducibility":[130],"promote":[133],"additional":[134],"research":[135],"towards":[136],"AI's":[137],"acceleration":[138],"progress":[141],"these":[143],"domains.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}