{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154419300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744","title":"MPAC: A Multi-Principal Agent Coordination Protocol for Interoperable Multi-Agent Collaboration","display_name":"MPAC: A Multi-Principal Agent Coordination Protocol for Interoperable Multi-Agent Collaboration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154419300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133555174","display_name":"Kaiyang Qian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian, Kaiyang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133569940","display_name":"Xinmin Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang, Xinmin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133591310","display_name":"Zhengxiong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Zhengxiong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.7379999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.7379999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.025100000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.01940000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency","display_name":"Concurrency","score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-inter-orb-protocol","display_name":"General Inter-ORB Protocol","score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/json","display_name":"JSON","score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-composability","display_name":"Universal composability","score":0.33480000495910645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8217999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193702766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414548","display_name":"Concurrency","level":2,"score":0.4902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75114861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594324","display_name":"General Inter-ORB Protocol","level":5,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063","display_name":"JSON","level":2,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165751822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7894118","display_name":"Universal composability","level":4,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780967703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2571389","display_name":"Collaborative editing","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199776023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202875","display_name":"Negotiation","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,136,217],"AI":[1],"agent":[2],"ecosystem":[3],"has":[4],"converged":[5],"on":[6,162],"two":[7,152,167],"protocols:":[8],"the":[9,54],"Model":[10],"Context":[11],"Protocol":[12],"(MCP)":[13],"for":[14,20,119],"tool":[15],"invocation":[16],"and":[17,75,111,127,158,173,182,201,230],"Agent-to-Agent":[18],"(A2A)":[19],"single-principal":[21],"task":[22],"delegation.":[23],"Both":[24],"assume":[25],"a":[26,60,69,117,132,178,194,202,208],"single":[27],"controlling":[28],"principal,":[29],"meaning":[30],"one":[31],"person":[32],"or":[33,63,83],"organization":[34],"that":[35,96],"owns":[36],"every":[37],"agent.":[38],"When":[39],"independent":[40],"principals'":[41],"agents":[42,52,64],"must":[43],"coordinate":[44],"over":[45],"shared":[46,61,163],"state,":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49,123],"engineers'":[50],"coding":[51],"editing":[53],"same":[55],"repository,":[56],"family":[57],"members":[58],"planning":[59],"trip,":[62],"from":[65,220],"different":[66],"organizations":[67],"negotiating":[68],"joint":[70],"decision,":[71],"neither":[72],"protocol":[73,95],"applies,":[74],"coordination":[76,102,199,222],"collapses":[77],"to":[78],"ad-hoc":[79],"chat,":[80],"manual":[81],"merging,":[82],"silent":[84],"overwrites.":[85],"We":[86,165],"present":[87],"MPAC":[88,113],"(Multi-Principal":[89],"Agent":[90],"Coordination":[91],"Protocol),":[92],"an":[93],"application-layer":[94],"fills":[97],"this":[98],"gap":[99],"with":[100,145,175,212],"explicit":[101],"semantics":[103],"across":[104],"five":[105],"layers:":[106],"Session,":[107],"Intent,":[108],"Operation,":[109],"Conflict,":[110],"Governance.":[112],"makes":[114],"intent":[115],"declaration":[116],"precondition":[118],"action,":[120],"represents":[121],"conflicts":[122],"first-class":[124],"structured":[125],"objects,":[126],"supports":[128],"human-in-the-loop":[129],"arbitration":[130],"through":[131],"pluggable":[133],"governance":[134],"layer.":[135],"specification":[137],"defines":[138],"21":[139],"message":[140],"types,":[141],"three":[142,155],"state":[143],"machines":[144],"normative":[146],"transition":[147],"tables,":[148],"Lamport-clock":[149],"causal":[150],"watermarking,":[151],"execution":[153],"models,":[154],"security":[156],"profiles,":[157],"optimistic":[159],"concurrency":[160],"control":[161],"state.":[164],"release":[166],"interoperable":[168],"reference":[169],"implementations":[170],"in":[171,198],"Python":[172],"TypeScript":[174],"223":[176],"tests,":[177],"JSON":[179],"Schema":[180],"suite,":[181],"seven":[183],"live":[184],"multi-agent":[185],"demos.":[186],"A":[187],"controlled":[188],"three-agent":[189],"code":[190],"review":[191],"benchmark":[192],"shows":[193],"95":[195],"percent":[196],"reduction":[197],"overhead":[200],"4.8":[203],"times":[204],"wall-clock":[205],"speedup":[206,218],"versus":[207],"serialized":[209],"human-mediated":[210],"baseline,":[211],"per-agent":[213],"decision":[214],"time":[215],"preserved.":[216],"comes":[219],"eliminating":[221],"waits,":[223],"not":[224],"compressing":[225],"model":[226],"calls.":[227],"Specification,":[228],"implementations,":[229],"demos":[231],"are":[232],"open":[233],"source.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}