{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154246718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717","title":"Multi-Head Attention based interaction-aware architecture for Bangla Handwritten Character Recognition: Introducing a Primary Dataset","display_name":"Multi-Head Attention based interaction-aware architecture for Bangla Handwritten Character Recognition: Introducing a Primary Dataset","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154246718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098975405","display_name":"Mirza Raquib","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raquib, Mirza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098975404","display_name":"Asif Pervez Polok","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Polok, Asif Pervez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127300249","display_name":"Kedar Nath Biswas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biswas, Kedar Nath","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059982209","display_name":"Farida Siddiqi Prity","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prity, Farida Siddiqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027326196","display_name":"Saydul Akbar Murad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-1448"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murad, Saydul Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102764912","display_name":"Nick Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1964-1794"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahimi, Nick","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5098975405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6726999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.6223999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bengali","display_name":"Bengali","score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.43560001254081726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6726999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6692000031471252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6223999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5615000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.52920001745224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5047000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779478453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6889748","display_name":"Modularity (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44492722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327069","display_name":"Conditional probability","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09717","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7120099663734436,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Character":[0],"recognition":[1,10],"is":[2,41,220],"the":[3,25,107,139,189,195],"fundamental":[4],"part":[5],"of":[6,24,61,85,95,217],"an":[7,43,154],"optical":[8],"character":[9,34,63],"(OCR)":[11],"system.":[12],"Word":[13],"recognition,":[14],"sentence":[15],"transcription,":[16],"document":[17],"digitization,":[18],"and":[19,57,73,98,113,126,130,136,147,165,192,214],"language":[20],"processing":[21],"are":[22,48,68,138],"some":[23],"higher-order":[26],"activities":[27],"that":[28,160],"can":[29],"be":[30],"done":[31],"accurately":[32],"through":[33],"recognition.":[35],"Nonetheless,":[36],"recognizing":[37],"handwritten":[38],"Bangla":[39,86],"characters":[40,88,112],"not":[42],"easy":[44],"task":[45],"because":[46],"they":[47],"written":[49,87],"in":[50,71,75,168],"different":[51],"styles":[52],"with":[53],"inconsistent":[54],"stroke":[55],"patterns":[56],"a":[58,81,118,122],"high":[59,131],"degree":[60],"visual":[62],"resemblance.":[64],"The":[65,115,142,182,212],"datasets":[66],"available":[67,222],"usually":[69],"limited":[70],"intra-class":[72],"inequitable":[74],"class":[76,100],"distribution.":[77],"We":[78,150],"have":[79,151],"constructed":[80,190],"new":[82],"balanced":[83],"dataset":[84,191,213],"to":[89],"overcome":[90],"those":[91],"problems.":[92],"This":[93],"consists":[94],"78":[96],"classes":[97],"each":[99],"has":[101,145],"approximately":[102],"650":[103],"samples.":[104],"It":[105],"contains":[106],"basic":[108],"characters,":[109],"composite":[110],"(Juktobarno)":[111],"numerals.":[114],"samples":[116],"were":[117],"diverse":[119],"group":[120],"comprising":[121],"large":[123],"age":[124],"range":[125],"socioeconomic":[127],"groups.":[128],"Elementary":[129],"school":[132],"students,":[133,135],"university":[134],"professionals":[137],"contributing":[140],"factors.":[141],"sample":[143],"also":[144],"right":[146],"left-handed":[148],"writers.":[149],"further":[152,205],"proposed":[153,183],"interaction-aware":[155],"hybrid":[156],"deep":[157],"learning":[158],"architecture":[159],"integrates":[161],"EfficientNetB3,":[162],"Vision":[163],"Transformer,":[164],"Conformer":[166],"modules":[167],"parallel.":[169],"A":[170],"multi-head":[171],"cross-attention":[172],"fusion":[173],"mechanism":[174],"enables":[175],"effective":[176],"feature":[177],"interaction":[178],"across":[179],"these":[180],"components.":[181],"model":[184],"achieves":[185],"98.84%":[186],"accuracy":[187],"on":[188,194],"96.49%":[193],"external":[196],"CHBCR":[197],"benchmark,":[198],"demonstrating":[199],"strong":[200],"generalization":[201],"capability.":[202],"Grad-CAM":[203],"visualizations":[204],"provide":[206],"interpretability":[207],"by":[208],"highlighting":[209],"discriminative":[210],"regions.":[211],"source":[215],"code":[216],"this":[218],"research":[219],"publicly":[221],"at:":[223],"https://huggingface.co/MIRZARAQUIB/Bangla_Handwritten_Character_Recognition.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-04T08:30:34.212998","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}
