{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154187360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360","title":"LLM-Rosetta: A Hub-and-Spoke Intermediate Representation for Cross-Provider LLM API Translation","display_name":"LLM-Rosetta: A Hub-and-Spoke Intermediate Representation for Cross-Provider LLM API Translation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154187360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133492381","display_name":"Peng Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ding, Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133492381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.18889999389648438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.18889999389648438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.13770000636577606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stateful-firewall","display_name":"Stateful firewall","score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toolchain","display_name":"Toolchain","score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.32850000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8597999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5716999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22927095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784206","display_name":"Stateful firewall","level":3,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545406","display_name":"Toolchain","level":3,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3100999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q513420","display_name":"Undo","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99613125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194","display_name":"Application programming interface","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063","display_name":"JSON","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780512708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850661","display_name":"XQuery","level":4,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153876917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899704","display_name":"Traceability","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09360","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,61,162],"Large":[4],"Language":[5],"Model":[6],"(LLM)":[7],"providers--each":[8],"exposing":[9],"proprietary":[10],"API":[11,117,146],"formats--has":[12],"created":[13],"a":[14,50,81,101],"fragmented":[15],"ecosystem":[16],"where":[17],"applications":[18],"become":[19],"tightly":[20],"coupled":[21],"to":[22,119],"individual":[23],"vendors.":[24],"Switching":[25],"or":[26],"bridging":[27],"providers":[28],"requires":[29],"$O(N^2)$":[30],"bilateral":[31],"adapters,":[32],"impeding":[33],"portability":[34],"and":[35,98,105,131,155,174,186,196],"multi-provider":[36],"architectures.":[37],"We":[38,141],"observe":[39],"that":[40,86],"despite":[41],"substantial":[42],"syntactic":[43,62],"divergence,":[44],"the":[45,54,58,88,159,191],"major":[46],"LLM":[47],"APIs":[48],"share":[49],"common":[51],"semantic":[52,66,90],"core:":[53],"practical":[55],"challenge":[56],"is":[57,197,206],"combinatorial":[59],"surface":[60],"variations,":[63],"not":[64],"deep":[65],"incompatibility.":[67],"Based":[68],"on":[69,80],"this":[70],"finding,":[71],"we":[72],"present":[73],"LLM-Rosetta,":[74],"an":[75],"open-source":[76],"translation":[77],"framework":[78],"built":[79],"hub-and-spoke":[82],"Intermediate":[83],"Representation":[84],"(IR)":[85],"captures":[87],"shared":[89],"core--messages,":[91],"content":[92,103],"parts,":[93],"tool":[94],"calls,":[95],"reasoning":[96],"traces,":[97],"generation":[99],"controls--in":[100],"9-type":[102],"model":[104],"10-type":[106],"stream":[107],"event":[108],"schema.":[109],"A":[110],"modular":[111],"Ops-composition":[112],"converter":[113],"architecture":[114],"enables":[115],"each":[116],"standard":[118],"be":[120],"added":[121],"independently.":[122],"LLM-Rosetta":[123,189],"supports":[124],"bidirectional":[125],"conversion":[126,177],"(provider-to-IR-to-provider)":[127],"for":[128,144],"both":[129],"request":[130],"response":[132],"payloads,":[133],"including":[134],"chunk-level":[135],"streaming":[136,172],"with":[137,179],"stateful":[138],"context":[139],"management.":[140],"implement":[142],"converters":[143],"four":[145],"standards":[147],"(OpenAI":[148],"Chat":[149],"Completions,":[150],"OpenAI":[151],"Responses,":[152],"Anthropic":[153],"Messages,":[154],"Google":[156],"GenAI),":[157],"covering":[158],"vast":[160],"majority":[161],"commercial":[163],"providers.":[164],"Empirical":[165],"evaluation":[166],"demonstrates":[167],"lossless":[168],"round-trip":[169],"fidelity,":[170],"correct":[171],"behavior,":[173],"sub-100":[175],"microsecond":[176],"overhead--competitive":[178],"LiteLLM's":[180],"single-pass":[181],"approach":[182],"while":[183],"providing":[184],"bidirectionality":[185],"provider":[187],"neutrality.":[188],"passes":[190],"Open":[192],"Responses":[193],"compliance":[194],"suite":[195],"deployed":[198],"in":[199],"production":[200],"at":[201,208],"Argonne":[202],"National":[203],"Laboratory.":[204],"Code":[205],"available":[207],"https://github.com/Oaklight/llm-rosetta.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
