{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154003848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285","title":"SAGE: A Service Agent Graph-guided Evaluation Benchmark","display_name":"SAGE: A Service Agent Graph-guided Evaluation Benchmark","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154003848","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133531082","display_name":"Ling Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi, Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124987992","display_name":"Yuqin Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dai, Yuqin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133527166","display_name":"Ziyin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Ziyin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133518492","display_name":"Ning Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133481371","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133531417","display_name":"Chaozheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Chaozheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133493433","display_name":"Yujie Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Yujie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022166121","display_name":"Wei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-8242"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133528008","display_name":"Jinpeng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Jinpeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133480717","display_name":"Deiyi Xiong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong, Deiyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.32839998602867126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.32839998602867126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.23909999430179596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.1818999946117401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.7210999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interaction-protocol","display_name":"Interaction protocol","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.34360000491142273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.7210999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5475000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775851571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6045205","display_name":"Interaction protocol","level":3,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81721847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163468","display_name":"Prolog","level":2,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61123122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281287","display_name":"Politeness","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.09285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,80],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"has":[7],"catalyzed":[8],"automation":[9],"in":[10,47],"customer":[11],"service,":[12],"yet":[13],"benchmarking":[14],"their":[15],"performance":[16],"remains":[17],"challenging.":[18],"Existing":[19],"benchmarks":[20],"predominantly":[21],"rely":[22],"on":[23,136],"static":[24],"paradigms":[25],"and":[26,83,93,103,118,126,182],"single-dimensional":[27],"metrics,":[28],"failing":[29],"to":[30,40,129,155],"account":[31],"for":[32,65],"diverse":[33],"user":[34],"behaviors":[35],"or":[36],"the":[37],"strict":[38],"adherence":[39],"structured":[41],"Standard":[42],"Operating":[43],"Procedures":[44],"(SOPs)":[45],"required":[46],"real-world":[48],"deployments.":[49],"To":[50],"bridge":[51],"this":[52],"gap,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"SAGE":[56,69],"(Service":[57],"Agent":[58],"Graph-guided":[59],"Evaluation),":[60],"a":[61,94,113,119,144,165],"universal":[62],"multi-agent":[63],"benchmark":[64],"automated,":[66],"dual-axis":[67],"assessment.":[68],"formalizes":[70],"unstructured":[71],"SOPs":[72],"into":[73],"Dynamic":[74],"Dialogue":[75],"Graphs,":[76],"enabling":[77,98],"precise":[78],"verification":[79],"logical":[81,175],"compliance":[82],"comprehensive":[84],"path":[85],"coverage.":[86],"We":[87,160],"introduce":[88],"an":[89],"Adversarial":[90],"Intent":[91],"Taxonomy":[92],"modular":[95],"Extension":[96],"Mechanism,":[97],"low-cost":[99],"deployment":[100],"across":[101,139],"domains":[102],"facilitating":[104],"automated":[105],"dialogue":[106],"data":[107],"synthesis.":[108],"Evaluation":[109],"is":[110],"conducted":[111],"via":[112],"framework":[114],"where":[115,148,167],"Judge":[116],"Agents":[117,128],"Rule":[120],"Engine":[121],"analyze":[122],"interactions":[123],"between":[124],"User":[125],"Service":[127],"generate":[130],"deterministic":[131],"ground":[132],"truth.":[133],"Extensive":[134],"experiments":[135],"27":[137],"LLMs":[138],"6":[140],"industrial":[141],"scenarios":[142],"reveal":[143],"significant":[145],"``Execution":[146],"Gap''":[147],"models":[149,168],"accurately":[150],"classify":[151],"intents":[152],"but":[153],"fail":[154],"derive":[156],"correct":[157],"subsequent":[158],"actions.":[159],"also":[161],"observe":[162],"``Empathy":[163],"Resilience'',":[164],"phenomenon":[166],"maintain":[169],"polite":[170],"conversational":[171],"facades":[172],"despite":[173],"underlying":[174],"failures":[176],"under":[177],"high":[178],"adversarial":[179],"intensity.":[180],"Code":[181],"resources":[183],"are":[184],"available":[185],"at":[186],"https://anonymous.4open.science/r/SAGE-Bench-4CD3/.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}