{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7153985159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973","title":"Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning for Low-Carbon P2P Energy Trading among Self-Interested Microgrids","display_name":"Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning for Low-Carbon P2P Energy Trading among Self-Interested Microgrids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7153985159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133029398","display_name":"Junhao Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren, Junhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133003555","display_name":"Honglin Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Honglin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056124322","display_name":"L. Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133049648","display_name":"Qiyu Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang, Qiyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005659262","display_name":"Gaoxi Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-6799"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao, Gaoxi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081978877","display_name":"Yi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0210-4730"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Yajuan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.7408000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.7408000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.19939999282360077,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10424","display_name":"Electric Power System Optimization","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.754800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.644599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6395000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5145000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitrage","display_name":"Arbitrage","score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.4510999917984009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.754800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.644599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6395000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5145000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160623529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273088","display_name":"Arbitrage","level":2,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4510999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91810955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7731670","display_name":"Incentive compatibility","level":3,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187633118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1317949","display_name":"Economic dispatch","level":4,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143517461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138571","display_name":"Renewable resource","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777780509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377422","display_name":"Profit maximization","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184773241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387400","display_name":"Mains electricity","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777137687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5730923","display_name":"Market mechanism","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5516166687011719,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Uncertainties":[0],"in":[1,29,91],"renewable":[2,12,74],"generation":[3],"and":[4,14,40,59,76,94],"demand":[5],"dynamics":[6],"challenge":[7],"day-ahead":[8],"scheduling.":[9],"To":[10],"enhance":[11],"penetration":[13],"maintain":[15],"intra-day":[16],"balance,":[17],"we":[18],"develop":[19],"a":[20,88],"multi-agent":[21],"reinforcement":[22],"learning":[23],"framework":[24],"for":[25],"self-interested":[26],"microgrids":[27],"participating":[28],"peer-to-peer":[30],"(P2P)":[31],"electricity":[32],"trading.":[33],"Each":[34],"microgrid":[35],"independently":[36],"bids":[37],"both":[38],"price":[39],"quantity":[41],"while":[42,82],"optimizing":[43],"its":[44],"own":[45],"profit":[46],"via":[47],"storage":[48],"arbitrage":[49],"under":[50],"time-varying":[51],"main-grid":[52],"prices.":[53],"A":[54],"market-clearing":[55],"mechanism":[56],"coordinating":[57],"trades":[58],"promoting":[60],"incentive":[61],"compatibility":[62],"is":[63],"proposed.":[64],"Simulation":[65],"results":[66],"show":[67],"that":[68],"the":[69],"learned":[70],"bidding":[71],"policy":[72],"improves":[73],"utilization":[75],"reduces":[77],"reliance":[78],"on":[79],"high-carbon":[80],"electricity,":[81],"increasing":[83],"community-level":[84],"economic":[85],"welfare,":[86],"delivering":[87],"win-win":[89],"situation":[90],"emission":[92],"reduction":[93],"local":[95],"prosperity.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}
