{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154057440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678","title":"Scaffolding Human-AI Collaboration: A Field Experiment on Behavioral Protocols and Cognitive Reframing","display_name":"Scaffolding Human-AI Collaboration: A Field Experiment on Behavioral Protocols and Cognitive Reframing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154057440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119895683","display_name":"Alex Farach","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farach, Alex","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133491521","display_name":"Alexia Cambon","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cambon, Alexia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061320164","display_name":"Lev Tankelevitch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1286-5194"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tankelevitch, Lev","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108228330","display_name":"C.-H. Hsueh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsueh, Connie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089264203","display_name":"Rebecca Jan\u00dfen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janssen, Rebecca","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.29739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.29739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.27469998598098755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.12790000438690186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-reframing","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","score":0.6876999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.5551999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.47679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portfolio","display_name":"Portfolio","score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.3418000042438507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958679","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","level":2,"score":0.6876999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6507999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5551999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.47679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.39469999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780821815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340806","display_name":"Portfolio","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3418000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993942811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626707","display_name":"Longitudinal field","level":3,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019921246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104853310","display_name":"Differential effects","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133112747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251931","display_name":"Protocol analysis","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6564018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849826","display_name":"Cognitive restructuring","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4690149426460266,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Organizations":[0],"have":[1,24],"widely":[2],"deployed":[3],"generative":[4],"AI":[5,17,54,73,100],"tools,":[6],"yet":[7],"productivity":[8],"gains":[9],"remain":[10],"uneven,":[11],"suggesting":[12],"that":[13,98],"how":[14],"people":[15],"use":[16,74,86],"matters":[18],"as":[19,21,101],"much":[20],"whether":[22],"they":[23],"access.":[25],"We":[26],"conducted":[27],"a":[28,35,102],"field":[29],"experiment":[30],"with":[31,79,107],"388":[32],"employees":[33],"at":[34,112],"Fortune":[36],"500":[37],"retailer":[38],"to":[39,51,84,149,163],"test":[40],"two":[41],"scaffolding":[42,66,94],"interventions":[43],"for":[44],"human-AI":[45],"collaboration.":[46],"All":[47],"participants":[48,119],"had":[49],"access":[50],"the":[52,59,113,116,127],"same":[53],"tool;":[55],"we":[56],"varied":[57],"only":[58],"structure":[60],"surrounding":[61],"its":[62],"use.":[63],"A":[64,92],"behavioral":[65],"intervention":[67,95],"(a":[68],"structured":[69],"protocol":[70],"requiring":[71],"joint":[72],"within":[75],"pairs)":[76],"was":[77,105],"associated":[78,106],"lower":[80,89],"document":[81,90,110,164],"quality":[82,111],"relative":[83],"unstructured":[85],"and":[87,159],"substantially":[88],"production.":[91],"cognitive":[93],"(partnership":[96],"training":[97],"reframed":[99],"thought":[103],"partner)":[104],"higher":[108],"individual":[109],"top":[114],"of":[115],"distribution.":[117],"Treatment":[118],"also":[120],"showed":[121],"greater":[122],"positive":[123],"belief":[124],"change":[125],"across":[126],"session,":[128],"though":[129],"sensitivity":[130,162],"analyses":[131],"suggest":[132],"this":[133],"likely":[134],"reflects":[135],"recovery":[136],"from":[137],"carry-over":[138],"effects":[139],"rather":[140],"than":[141],"genuine":[142],"training-induced":[143],"shifts.":[144],"Both":[145],"findings":[146],"are":[147],"subject":[148],"design":[150],"limitations":[151],"including":[152],"an":[153],"AM/PM":[154],"session":[155],"confound,":[156],"differential":[157],"attrition,":[158],"LLM":[160],"grading":[161],"length.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}