{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7153347070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226","title":"Grounding Clinical AI Competency in Human Cognition Through the Clinical World Model and Skill-Mix Framework","display_name":"Grounding Clinical AI Competency in Human Cognition Through the Clinical World Model and Skill-Mix Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7153347070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120645608","display_name":"Seyed Amir Ahmad Safavi-Naini","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Safavi-Naini, Seyed Amir Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133375822","display_name":"Elahe Meftah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meftah, Elahe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113333461","display_name":"Josh Mohess","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohess, Josh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067592032","display_name":"Pooya Mohammadi Kazaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2747-1489"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazaj, Pooya Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133349491","display_name":"Georgios Siontis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siontis, Georgios","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021277493","display_name":"Zahra Atf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0642-4341"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atf, Zahra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133328582","display_name":"Peter R. Lewis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lewis, Peter R.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133323293","display_name":"Mauricio Reyes","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reyes, Mauricio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133386796","display_name":"Girish Nadkarni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nadkarni, Girish","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059989473","display_name":"Roland Wiest","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-2045"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wiest, Roland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133359483","display_name":"Stephan Windecker","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Windecker, Stephan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133387828","display_name":"Christoph Grani","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grani, Christoph","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133319447","display_name":"Ali Soroush","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soroush, Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004193178","display_name":"Isaac Shiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-0736"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiri, Isaac","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120645608"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.3382999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.3382999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.3003999888896942,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.07940000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.3596000075340271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.44110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3596000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989236134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Patient care","level":2,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778373050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774706","display_name":"Clinical pathway","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2630999982357025}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5818755626678467}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98,136,173],"competency":[1,103,111,149,170,212],"of":[2,12,39,95,139,145,147],"any":[3,69],"intelligent":[4],"agent":[5,131],"is":[6,155],"bounded":[7,188],"by":[8],"its":[9],"formal":[10],"account":[11],"the":[13,40,48,109,169,196,201],"world":[14,42],"in":[15,33,92,166,210],"which":[16,180,211],"it":[17],"operates.":[18],"Clinical":[19,49,99,197],"AI":[20,89,100,125,182,207],"lacks":[21],"such":[22],"an":[23],"account.":[24],"Existing":[25],"frameworks":[26],"address":[27],"evaluation,":[28],"regulation,":[29],"or":[30,73],"system":[31],"design":[32],"isolation,":[34],"without":[35],"a":[36,52,58,143,176],"shared":[37],"model":[38],"clinical":[41,78,96,110,181],"to":[43,209],"connect":[44],"them.":[45],"We":[46],"introduce":[47],"World":[50,198],"Model,":[51],"framework":[53,174],"that":[54,156],"formalizes":[55],"care":[56,115],"as":[57],"tripartite":[59],"interaction":[60],"among":[61],"Patient,":[62],"Provider,":[63],"and":[64,88,119,121,133,187,218],"Ecosystem.":[65],"To":[66],"formalize":[67],"how":[68,124],"agent,":[70],"whether":[71,206],"human":[72,127],"artificial,":[74],"transforms":[75],"information":[76],"into":[77],"action,":[79],"we":[80],"develop":[81],"parallel":[82],"decision-making":[83],"architectures":[84],"for":[85,164,219],"providers,":[86],"patients,":[87],"agents,":[90],"grounded":[91],"validated":[93],"principles":[94],"cognition.":[97],"Skill-Mix":[101],"operationalizes":[102],"through":[104,179],"eight":[105],"dimensions.":[106],"Five":[107],"define":[108],"space":[112,144,171],"(condition,":[113],"phase,":[114],"setting,":[116],"provider":[117],"role,":[118],"task)":[120],"three":[122],"specify":[123],"engages":[126],"reasoning":[128],"(assigned":[129],"authority,":[130],"facing,":[132],"anchoring":[134],"layer).":[135],"combinatorial":[137],"product":[138],"these":[140],"dimensions":[141],"yields":[142],"billions":[146],"distinct":[148],"coordinates.":[150],"A":[151],"central":[152,203],"structural":[153],"implication":[154],"validation":[157],"within":[158],"one":[159],"coordinate":[160],"provides":[161],"minimal":[162],"evidence":[163],"performance":[165],"another,":[167],"rendering":[168],"irreducible.":[172],"supplies":[175],"common":[177],"grammar":[178],"can":[183],"be":[184],"specified,":[185],"evaluated,":[186],"across":[189],"stakeholders.":[190],"By":[191],"making":[192],"this":[193],"structure":[194],"explicit,":[195],"Model":[199],"reframes":[200],"field's":[202],"question":[204],"from":[205],"works":[208],"coordinates":[213],"reliability":[214],"has":[215],"been":[216],"demonstrated,":[217],"whom.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-04-11T00:00:00"}