{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7153032668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111","title":"Bias Redistribution in Visual Machine Unlearning: Does Forgetting One Group Harm Another?","display_name":"Bias Redistribution in Visual Machine Unlearning: Does Forgetting One Group Harm Another?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7153032668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003240806","display_name":"YUNUSA Garba Haruna","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haruna, Yunusa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040557587","display_name":"Adamu Lawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-1703"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawan, Adamu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121887246","display_name":"Ibrahim Haruna Abdulhamid","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulhamid, Ibrahim Haruna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133338781","display_name":"Hamza Mohammed Dauda","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dauda, Hamza Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133393928","display_name":"Jiaquan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Jiaquan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133393140","display_name":"Chaoning Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Chaoning","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133376121","display_name":"Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad, Shamsuddeen Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6620000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.6620000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.10920000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.028200000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.7996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.7303000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redistribution","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","score":0.695900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenon","display_name":"Phenomenon","score":0.3903999924659729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.7996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7303000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.695900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.45910000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43869999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.3903999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.08111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5478372573852539,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"unlearning":[1,75,99,166],"enables":[2],"models":[3,55],"to":[4,39,125,149],"selectively":[5],"forget":[6],"training":[7],"data,":[8],"driven":[9],"by":[10,68],"privacy":[11],"regulations":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"GDPR":[15],"and":[16,70,81,91,153],"CCPA.":[17],"However,":[18],"its":[19],"fairness":[20],"implications":[21],"remain":[22],"underexplored:":[23],"when":[24],"a":[25,28,60,92,133,161],"model":[26,130],"forgets":[27],"demographic":[29,88],"group,":[30],"does":[31,100],"it":[32,38,106,147],"neutralize":[33],"that":[34,98],"concept":[35],"or":[36],"redistribute":[37],"correlated":[40],"groups,":[41],"potentially":[42],"amplifying":[43,175],"bias?":[44],"We":[45,72],"investigate":[46],"this":[47],"bias":[48,103,176],"redistribution":[49,93],"phenomenon":[50],"on":[51],"CelebA":[52],"using":[53,84],"CLIP":[54],"(ViT/B-32,":[56],"ViT-L/14,":[57],"ViT-B/16)":[58],"under":[59],"zero-shot":[61],"classification":[62],"setting":[63],"across":[64,128],"intersectional":[65],"groups":[66],"defined":[67],"age":[69,112],"gender.":[71],"evaluate":[73],"three":[74],"methods,":[76],"Prompt":[77,79],"Erasure,":[78],"Reweighting,":[80],"Refusal":[82,142],"Vector":[83,143],"per-group":[85],"accuracy":[86],"shifts,":[87],"parity":[89],"gaps,":[90],"score.":[94],"Our":[95],"results":[96],"show":[97],"not":[101],"eliminate":[102],"but":[104],"redistributes":[105],"primarily":[107],"along":[108],"gender":[109],"rather":[110],"than":[111],"boundaries.":[113],"In":[114],"particular,":[115],"removing":[116],"the":[117,141],"dominant":[118],"Young":[119],"Female":[120,127],"group":[121],"consistently":[122],"transfers":[123],"performance":[124],"Old":[126],"all":[129],"scales,":[131],"revealing":[132],"gender-dominant":[134],"structure":[135],"in":[136,177],"CLIP's":[137],"embedding":[138,171],"space.":[139],"While":[140],"method":[144],"reduces":[145],"redistribution,":[146],"fails":[148],"achieve":[150],"complete":[151],"forgetting":[152],"significantly":[154],"degrades":[155],"retained":[156,178],"performance.":[157],"These":[158],"findings":[159],"highlight":[160],"fundamental":[162],"limitation":[163],"of":[164],"current":[165],"methods:":[167],"without":[168],"accounting":[169],"for":[170],"geometry,":[172],"they":[173],"risk":[174],"groups.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-11T00:00:00"}
