{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7152671455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146","title":"Learning to Search: A Decision-Based Agent for Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering","display_name":"Learning to Search: A Decision-Based Agent for Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7152671455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124956232","display_name":"Zhuohong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Zhuohong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133268112","display_name":"Zhenxian Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Zhenxian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106737308","display_name":"Yunyao Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Yunyao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133281453","display_name":"Hangrui Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Hangrui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133252623","display_name":"Zirui Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liao, Zirui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133309648","display_name":"Zhifang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-2114"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Zhifang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122108610","display_name":"XiangWen Deng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deng, Xiangwen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133255325","display_name":"Pen Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiao, Pen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133252885","display_name":"Haoqian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Haoqian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.8234000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.819599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complete-information","display_name":"Complete information","score":0.266400009393692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.8234000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.819599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7911999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.607699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113336015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574010","display_name":"Complete information","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777508537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936620","display_name":"Visual reasoning","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.07146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7936071157455444,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge-based":[0],"visual":[1],"question":[2,53],"answering":[3],"(KB-VQA)":[4],"requires":[5],"vision-language":[6],"models":[7],"to":[8,49,51,67,70,73,78,141],"understand":[9],"images":[10],"and":[11,19,38,104,128,153,168,181],"use":[12],"external":[13],"knowledge,":[14],"especially":[15],"for":[16,64,163],"rare":[17],"entities":[18],"long-tail":[20],"facts.":[21],"Most":[22],"existing":[23],"retrieval-augmented":[24],"generation":[25],"(RAG)":[26],"methods":[27],"adopt":[28],"a":[29,44,81,101,110],"fixed":[30],"pipeline":[31,140],"that":[32,145,171],"sequentially":[33],"retrieves":[34],"information,":[35],"filters":[36],"it,":[37],"then":[39,159],"produces":[40],"an":[41,138],"answer.":[42],"Such":[43],"design":[45,137],"makes":[46],"it":[47,56,62],"difficult":[48],"adapt":[50],"diverse":[52],"types.":[54],"Moreover,":[55],"separates":[57],"retrieval":[58],"from":[59],"reasoning,":[60],"making":[61],"hard":[63],"the":[65,83,91,106,117,147,183],"model":[66,105],"decide":[68],"when":[69,77],"search,":[71],"how":[72],"refine":[74],"queries,":[75],"or":[76],"stop.":[79],"As":[80],"result,":[82],"retrieved":[84],"evidence":[85],"is":[86],"often":[87],"poorly":[88],"aligned":[89],"with":[90],"question.":[92],"To":[93],"address":[94],"these":[95],"limitations,":[96],"we":[97],"reformulate":[98],"KB-VQA":[99],"as":[100,109,161],"search-agent":[102],"problem":[103],"solving":[107],"process":[108],"multi-step":[111,143],"decision-making":[112],"procedure.":[113],"At":[114],"each":[115],"step,":[116],"agent":[118],"selects":[119],"one":[120],"of":[121,185],"four":[122],"actions-Answer,":[123],"Image":[124],"Retrieval,":[125,127],"Text":[126],"Caption-based":[129],"on":[130,166],"its":[131],"current":[132],"information":[133],"state.":[134],"We":[135],"further":[136],"automated":[139],"collect":[142],"trajectories":[144,157],"record":[146],"agent's":[148],"reasoning":[149],"process,":[150],"tool":[151],"usage,":[152],"intermediate":[154],"decisions.":[155],"These":[156],"are":[158],"used":[160],"supervision":[162],"fine-tuning.":[164],"Experiments":[165],"InfoSeek":[167],"E-VQA":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"our":[172,186],"method":[173],"achieves":[174],"state-of-the-art":[175],"performance,":[176],"consistently":[177],"outperforming":[178],"prior":[179],"baselines":[180],"confirming":[182],"effectiveness":[184],"framework.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-10T00:00:00"}