{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7152499902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764","title":"Towards National Quantum Communication in Europe: Planning and Sizing Terrestrial QKD Networks","display_name":"Towards National Quantum Communication in Europe: Planning and Sizing Terrestrial QKD Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7152499902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057376617","display_name":"Sebastian Raubitzek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-9263"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raubitzek, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058543294","display_name":"Werner Strasser","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Strasser, Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080865455","display_name":"Sebastian Ramacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-3725"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramacher, Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133247357","display_name":"Thomas Lebeth","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lebeth, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133235882","display_name":"Andreas Neuhold","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neuhold, Andreas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053069305","display_name":"Christoph Pacher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4174-659X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pacher, Christoph","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.5051000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.5051000118255615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.1850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.06030000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.6751000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeater","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensioning","display_name":"Dimensioning","score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.42559999227523804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.6751000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195545963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469803","display_name":"Repeater (horology)","level":3,"score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5426999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5006999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89714869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280470","display_name":"Dimensioning","level":2,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114563136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19725982","display_name":"Network planning and design","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6319205164909363}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,102,123,150,174],"European":[1,6],"Union":[2],"is":[3,32,104,115,153],"developing":[4],"the":[5,29,37,55,88,208],"Quantum":[7],"Communication":[8],"Infrastructure":[9],"(EuroQCI)":[10],"as":[11,156,192,196],"a":[12,76,96,109,157],"pan-European":[13],"network":[14,82,113],"to":[15,59,67,159],"provide":[16,176],"secure":[17],"communication":[18],"capabilities":[19],"across":[20,185],"Member":[21,166],"States,":[22],"including":[23],"governmental":[24],"and":[25,40,61,71,87,117,130,143,171,204],"critical-infrastructure":[26],"domains.":[27],"While":[28],"strategic":[30],"objective":[31],"defined":[33],"at":[34],"EU":[35,165],"level,":[36],"required":[38,91],"scale":[39],"structure":[41],"of":[42,57,90,99],"national":[43,63,181],"quantum":[44],"key":[45],"distribution":[46],"(QKD)":[47],"networks":[48,66],"remain":[49],"largely":[50],"unspecified.":[51],"This":[52],"work":[53],"addresses":[54],"question":[56],"how":[58],"plan":[60],"size":[62],"terrestrial":[64,127],"QKD":[65,92,128,182],"support":[68,200],"critical":[69],"infrastructure":[70,129,205],"public":[72],"authorities.":[73],"We":[74],"propose":[75],"reproducible":[77],"planning":[78,178],"methodology":[79],"that":[80,199],"estimates":[81,136,179,188],"size,":[83],"total":[84],"fiber":[85],"length,":[86],"number":[89],"components":[93],"based":[94,168],"on":[95,126,169],"small":[97],"set":[98],"explicit":[100],"assumptions.":[101],"approach":[103],"demonstrated":[105],"for":[106,163,180],"Austria,":[107],"where":[108],"synthetic":[110],"but":[111,195],"structured":[112],"model":[114,124],"constructed":[116],"evaluated":[118],"using":[119],"Monte":[120],"Carlo":[121],"simulation.":[122],"focuses":[125],"explicitly":[131],"excludes":[132],"space-based":[133],"segments.":[134],"It":[135],"endpoint":[137],"counts,":[138],"trusted":[139],"repeater":[140],"node":[141],"requirements,":[142],"hop-length":[144],"distributions":[145],"under":[146,207],"realistic":[147],"operational":[148],"constraints.":[149],"Austrian":[151],"case":[152],"then":[154],"used":[155],"baseline":[158],"derive":[160],"scaling":[161],"rules":[162],"other":[164],"States":[167],"population":[170],"geographic":[172],"extent.":[173],"results":[175],"first-order":[177],"backbone":[183],"sizes":[184],"Europe.":[186],"These":[187],"are":[189],"not":[190],"intended":[191],"deployment":[193],"designs":[194],"planning-level":[197],"references":[198],"early-stage":[201],"cost":[202],"assessment":[203],"dimensioning":[206],"EuroQCI":[209],"framework.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-10T00:00:00"}
