{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7152447941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523","title":"Soft-Quantum Algorithms","display_name":"Soft-Quantum Algorithms","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7152447941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092170859","display_name":"Basil Kyriacou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5619-4432"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyriacou, Basil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092499108","display_name":"Mo Kordzanganeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kordzanganeh, Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016692100","display_name":"Maniraman Periyasamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3126-1855"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Periyasamy, Maniraman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086295021","display_name":"Alexey Melnikov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-4063"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melnikov, Alexey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.8309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.8309999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.10289999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.5985999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unitarity","display_name":"Unitarity","score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unitary-state","display_name":"Unitary state","score":0.4943000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.37459999322891235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5985999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5956000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5145000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130295795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3550684","display_name":"Unitarity","level":2,"score":0.5092999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67820243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179164","display_name":"Unitary state","level":2,"score":0.4943000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.3783999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3677999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835770","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","level":5,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778926657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum system","level":3,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96214315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727103","display_name":"Unitary matrix","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"operations":[1,28],"on":[2],"pure":[3],"states":[4],"can":[5,79],"be":[6,80],"fully":[7],"represented":[8],"by":[9],"unitary":[10],"matrices.":[11],"Variational":[12],"quantum":[13,18,46,52],"circuits,":[14],"also":[15],"known":[16],"as":[17,69],"neural":[19,77],"networks,":[20,78],"embed":[21],"data":[22,84],"and":[23,29,41,85],"trainable":[24],"parameters":[25,32,86],"into":[26,87],"gate-based":[27,119],"optimize":[30],"the":[31,65,107,122,180],"via":[33],"gradient":[34],"descent.":[35],"The":[36],"high":[37],"cost":[38],"of":[39,44,51,188],"training":[40,64,112],"low":[42],"fidelity":[43],"current":[45],"devices,":[47],"however,":[48],"restricts":[49],"much":[50],"machine":[53],"learning":[54,176],"to":[55,106,147],"classical":[56,76,186],"simulation.":[57],"For":[58],"few-qubit":[59],"problems":[60],"with":[61,72,131],"large":[62],"datasets,":[63],"matrix":[66],"elements":[67],"directly,":[68],"is":[70],"done":[71],"weight":[73],"matrices":[74,95],"in":[75,142,168],"faster":[81],"than":[82],"decomposing":[83],"gates.":[88],"We":[89],"propose":[90],"a":[91,101,118,126,138,162,169,174,184],"method":[92],"that":[93],"trains":[94],"directly":[96],"while":[97,155],"maintaining":[98],"unitarity":[99],"through":[100],"single":[102],"regularization":[103],"term":[104],"added":[105],"loss":[108],"function.":[109],"A":[110],"second":[111,163],"step,":[113],"circuit":[114,141,153],"alignment,":[115],"then":[116],"recovers":[117],"architecture":[120],"from":[121],"resulting":[123],"soft-unitary.":[124],"On":[125],"five-qubit":[127],"supervised":[128],"classification":[129],"task":[130],"1000":[132],"datapoints,":[133],"this":[134],"two-step":[135],"process":[136],"produces":[137],"trained":[139],"variational":[140],"under":[143],"four":[144],"minutes,":[145],"compared":[146],"over":[148],"two":[149],"hours":[150],"for":[151,173],"direct":[152],"training,":[154],"achieving":[156],"lower":[157],"binary":[158],"cross-entropy":[159],"loss.":[160],"In":[161],"experiment,":[164],"soft-unitaries":[165],"are":[166],"embedded":[167],"hybrid":[170,181],"quantum-classical":[171],"network":[172],"reinforcement":[175],"cartpole":[177],"task,":[178],"where":[179],"agent":[182],"outperforms":[183],"purely":[185],"baseline":[187],"comparable":[189],"size.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-10T00:00:00"}
