{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7152708633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418","title":"Trust in AI among Middle Eastern CS Students: Investigating Students' Trust and Usage Patterns Across Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Jordan","display_name":"Trust in AI among Middle Eastern CS Students: Investigating Students' Trust and Usage Patterns Across Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Jordan","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7152708633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133265673","display_name":"Saleh Alkhamees","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alkhamees, Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133252711","display_name":"Ali Alfageeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfageeh, Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026375152","display_name":"Bader Alkhazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-1578"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alkhazi, Bader","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133254586","display_name":"Duaa Alshdaifat","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alshdaifat, Duaa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133304167","display_name":"Amin Alipour","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alipour, Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.186599999666214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.186599999666214,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.10869999974966049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.05660000070929527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.715499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-east","display_name":"Middle East","score":0.6227999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluency","display_name":"Fluency","score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-language","display_name":"First language","score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diversity","display_name":"Cultural diversity","score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural","display_name":"Cross-cultural","score":0.3206999897956848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.715499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3651065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7204","display_name":"Middle East","level":2,"score":0.6227999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171041071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36870","display_name":"First language","level":2,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168646138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11578821","display_name":"Cross-cultural","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192531217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595868","display_name":"Computer literacy","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122783720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183065","display_name":"Interpreter","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778883600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2390977","display_name":"Language proficiency","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47602998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2588869","display_name":"Language barrier","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.06418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7960636019706726}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1,11,37,53,57,66,85,112,125,173,198,209,228,255],"Context:":[2],"Artificial":[3],"intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"tools":[6],"have":[7,30,45],"been":[8],"reshaping":[9],"computing":[10],"computer":[12,82],"science":[13,83],"education.":[14],"Trust":[15],"in":[16,22,77,100,103,138,162,183,206,211,230,246],"AI":[17,78,154,212,249],"is":[18,68],"a":[19,95,190,242],"determining":[20],"factor":[21],"the":[23,86,142,145,184,215,220,253,259],"adoption":[24,208,227,235],"of":[25,98,236,258],"these":[26,43],"tools.":[27],"Recent":[28],"studies":[29,44],"shown":[31],"different":[32,64,120],"trust":[33,76,99,116,137,153,167,210],"factors":[34,87,121],"across":[35,119,181],"gender":[36,124,182],"first-generation":[38,126],"status":[39],"among":[40,79,117],"students.":[41],"However,":[42],"focused":[46],"mainly":[47],"on":[48],"Western,":[49],"Educated,":[50],"Industrialized,":[51],"Rich,":[52],"Democratic":[54],"(WEIRD)":[55],"populations,":[56],"their":[58,157,170],"generalizability":[59],"to":[60,74,152,169,252],"other":[61,185],"populations":[62],"with":[63],"languages":[65],"cultures":[67],"unclear.":[69],"Objective:":[70],"This":[71,202],"study":[72,97,203],"aims":[73],"evaluate":[75],"Middle":[80,105],"Eastern":[81],"students":[84,118,150,161],"that":[88,132],"can":[89,135],"impact":[90],"it.":[91],"Method.":[92],"We":[93,114,187],"replicate":[94],"recent":[96],"four":[101],"universities":[102],"three":[104],"Eastern,":[106],"Arabic-speaking":[107],"countries:":[108],"Saudi":[109,163],"Arabia,":[110],"Kuwait,":[111],"Jordan.":[113],"analyze":[115],"such":[122],"as":[123],"status.":[127],"Findings:":[128],"Our":[129],"results":[130,143],"suggest":[131],"language":[133,196],"fluency":[134],"predict":[136],"AI.":[139],"Moreover,":[140],"unlike":[141],"from":[144],"US":[146],"population":[147],"where":[148],"female":[149,160],"tended":[151],"more":[155,223],"than":[156],"male":[158,171],"peers,":[159],"Arabia":[164],"indicated":[165],"lower":[166],"compared":[168],"counterparts,":[172],"we":[174],"did":[175],"not":[176],"observe":[177],"any":[178],"noticeable":[179],"differences":[180,205],"countries.":[186],"also":[188,240],"found":[189],"generally":[191],"negative":[192],"correlation":[193],"between":[194],"English":[195],"proficiency":[197],"students'":[199,207,226],"confidence.":[200],"Implications:":[201],"highlights":[204],"even":[213],"within":[214],"same":[216],"region.":[217,260],"It":[218,239],"emphasizes":[219],"need":[221,243],"for":[222,233,244],"investigation":[224],"into":[225],"interaction":[229],"non-WEIRD":[231],"regions":[232],"equitable":[234],"this":[237],"technology.":[238],"suggests":[241],"efforts":[245],"designing":[247],"effective":[248],"systems":[250],"tailored":[251],"cultural":[254],"linguistic":[256],"needs":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-10T00:00:00"}