{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151941431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162","title":"Bypassing the CSI Bottleneck: MARL-Driven Spatial Control for Reflector Arrays","display_name":"Bypassing the CSI Bottleneck: MARL-Driven Spatial Control for Reflector Arrays","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151941431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128668928","display_name":"Hieu Le","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le, Hieu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077013572","display_name":"Oguz Bedir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-0437"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bedir, Oguz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133203336","display_name":"Mostafa Ibrahim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim, Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133214486","display_name":"Jian Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao, Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133192494","display_name":"Sabit Ekin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekin, Sabit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflector","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6358000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5654000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focal-point","display_name":"Focal point","score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5055000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4569000005722046}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.705299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778415886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1823435","display_name":"Reflector (photography)","level":3,"score":0.6541000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6358000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5654000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5529000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779433544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435226","display_name":"Focal point","level":3,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5055000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.43959999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205875254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156857","display_name":"Decentralised system","level":3,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777076873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291875","display_name":"Virtual channel","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208292","display_name":"Point target","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.05162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"Surfaces":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"are":[4],"pivotal":[5],"for":[6],"next-generation":[7],"smart":[8],"radio":[9],"environments,":[10],"yet":[11],"their":[12],"practical":[13,182],"deployment":[14,158],"is":[15],"severely":[16],"bottlenecked":[17],"by":[18],"the":[19,153,172],"intractable":[20],"computational":[21],"overhead":[22],"of":[23,174],"Channel":[24],"State":[25],"Information":[26],"(CSI)":[27],"estimation.":[28],"To":[29],"bypass":[30],"this":[31,119],"fundamental":[32],"physical-layer":[33],"barrier,":[34],"we":[35,79],"propose":[36],"an":[37],"AI-native,":[38],"data-driven":[39],"paradigm":[40],"that":[41,118],"replaces":[42],"complex":[43],"channel":[44],"modeling":[45],"with":[46,84],"spatial":[47,147,176],"intelligence.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"presents":[51],"a":[52,73,81,130,179],"fully":[53],"autonomous":[54],"Multi-Agent":[55,90],"Reinforcement":[56],"Learning":[57],"(MARL)":[58],"framework":[59],"to":[60,72,124,129],"control":[61],"mechanically":[62],"adjustable":[63],"metallic":[64],"reflector":[65],"arrays.":[66],"By":[67],"mapping":[68],"high-dimensional":[69],"mechanical":[70],"constraints":[71],"reduced-order":[74],"virtual":[75],"focal":[76],"point":[77],"space,":[78],"deploy":[80],"Centralized":[82],"Training":[83],"Decentralized":[85],"Execution":[86],"(CTDE)":[87],"architecture.":[88],"Using":[89],"Proximal":[91],"Policy":[92],"Optimization":[93],"(MAPPO),":[94],"our":[95],"decentralized":[96],"agents":[97],"learn":[98],"cooperative":[99],"beam-focusing":[100],"strategies":[101],"relying":[102],"on":[103],"user":[104,125],"coordinates,":[105],"achieving":[106],"CSI-free":[107],"operation.":[108],"High-fidelity":[109],"ray-tracing":[110],"simulations":[111],"in":[112,145],"dynamic":[113],"non-line-of-sight":[114],"(NLOS)":[115],"environments":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"multi-agent":[120],"approach":[121],"rapidly":[122],"adapts":[123],"mobility,":[126],"yielding":[127],"up":[128],"26.86":[131],"dB":[132],"enhancement":[133],"over":[134],"static":[135],"flat":[136],"reflectors":[137],"and":[138,141,149],"outperforming":[139],"single-agent":[140],"hardware-constrained":[142],"DRL":[143],"baselines":[144],"both":[146],"selectivity":[148],"temporal":[150],"stability.":[151],"Crucially,":[152],"learned":[154],"policies":[155],"exhibit":[156],"good":[157],"resilience,":[159],"sustaining":[160],"stable":[161],"signal":[162],"coverage":[163],"even":[164],"under":[165],"1.0-meter":[166],"localization":[167],"noise.":[168],"These":[169],"results":[170],"validate":[171],"efficacy":[173],"MARL-driven":[175],"abstractions":[177],"as":[178],"scalable,":[180],"highly":[181],"pathway":[183],"toward":[184],"AI-empowered":[185],"wireless":[186],"networks.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-09T00:00:00"}
