{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151961236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956","title":"The Planetary Cost of AI Acceleration, Part II: The 10th Planetary Boundary and the 6.5-Year Countdown","display_name":"The Planetary Cost of AI Acceleration, Part II: The 10th Planetary Boundary and the 6.5-Year Countdown","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151961236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038277211","display_name":"William Yicheng Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, William Yicheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041397265","display_name":"Lei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3826-3220"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14350","display_name":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","score":0.1835000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14350","display_name":"Innovation, Sustainability, Human-Machine Systems","score":0.1835000067949295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13811","display_name":"Earth Systems and Cosmic Evolution","score":0.14030000567436218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.09300000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-boundaries","display_name":"Planetary boundaries","score":0.9254000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation","display_name":"Dissipation","score":0.588699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venus","display_name":"Venus","score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-of-energy","display_name":"Conservation of energy","score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-management-of-electronic-devices-and-systems","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-value-problem","display_name":"Boundary value problem","score":0.34040001034736633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32334204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961310","display_name":"Planetary boundaries","level":3,"score":0.9254000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.588699996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779900269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408724","display_name":"Venus","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52957995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11382","display_name":"Conservation of energy","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114834414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15477170","display_name":"Thermal management of electronic devices and systems","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81444415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243535","display_name":"Priming (agriculture)","level":3,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288706","display_name":"Waste heat","level":3,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14380042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503327","display_name":"Thermodynamic system","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80368990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459","display_name":"Earth system science","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777423268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3663116","display_name":"Energy balance","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989411428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368937","display_name":"Planetary exploration","level":3,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175503448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75920","display_name":"Thermodynamic cycle","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6702883243560791,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,70,178],"recent,":[1],"super-exponential":[2],"scaling":[3,44,217],"of":[4,45,151,161,182,229],"autonomous":[5],"Large":[6],"Language":[7],"Model":[8],"(LLM)":[9],"agents":[10],"signals":[11],"a":[12,91,219],"broader,":[13],"fundamental":[14],"paradigm":[15],"shift":[16],"from":[17,132],"machines":[18,30],"primarily":[19],"replacing":[20],"the":[21,33,75,114,137,159,169,173,186,227,239,246],"human":[22,34,255],"hands":[23],"(manual":[24],"labor":[25],"and":[26,38,43,84,142,164,202,205,251],"mechanical":[27],"processing)":[28],"to":[29],"delegating":[31],"for":[32,58,80],"minds":[35],"(cognition,":[36],"reasoning,":[37],"intention).":[39],"uncontrolled":[41],"offloading":[42],"\"thinking\"":[46],"itself,":[47],"beyond":[48],"human's":[49],"limited":[50],"but":[51],"efficient":[52],"biological":[53],"capacity,":[54],"has":[55,72],"profound":[56],"consequences":[57],"humanity's":[59],"heat":[60,76,99,139,166,189,210],"balance":[61],"sheet,":[62],"since":[63],"thinking,":[64],"or":[65,234],"intelligence,":[66],"carries":[67],"thermodynamic":[68,232],"consequences.":[69],"Earth":[71,119],"already":[73],"surpassed":[74],"dissipation":[77,140,167],"threshold":[78],"required":[79],"long-term":[81],"ecological":[82,105],"stability,":[83],"projecting":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87,199,244],"empirical":[88,180],"data":[89],"reveal":[90],"concerning":[92],"trajectory:":[93],"without":[94],"radical":[95],"structural":[96],"intervention,":[97],"anthropogenic":[98,208],"accumulation":[100],"will":[101,224,236],"breach":[102,228],"critical":[103,230],"planetary":[104,170,175,231,249],"thresholds":[106],"in":[107],"less":[108],"than":[109],"6.5":[110],"years,":[111],"even":[112],"under":[113],"most":[115,241],"ideal":[116],"scenario":[117],"where":[118],"Energy":[120],"Imbalance":[121],"(EEI)":[122],"holds":[123],"constant.":[124],"In":[125],"this":[126,183],"work,":[127],"we":[128],"identify":[129],"six":[130],"factors":[131],"artificial":[133,162],"intelligence":[134,163],"that":[135,158,214],"influence":[136],"global":[138],"rate":[141],"delineate":[143],"how":[144],"their":[145],"interplay":[146],"drives":[147],"society":[148],"toward":[149],"one":[150],"four":[152],"broad":[153],"macroscopic":[154],"trajectories.":[155],"We":[156,212],"propose":[157],"integration":[160],"its":[165,197],"into":[168],"system":[171],"constitute":[172],"tenth":[174],"boundary":[176,184],"(9+1).":[177],"core":[179],"measurement":[181],"is":[185],"net-new":[187],"waste":[188,209],"generated":[190],"by":[191],"exponential":[192],"AI":[193,216],"growth,":[194],"balanced":[195],"against":[196],"impact":[198],"reducing":[200],"economic":[201],"societal":[203],"inefficiencies":[204],"thus":[206],"baseline":[207],"emissions.":[211],"demonstrate":[213],"managing":[215],"lacks":[218],"moderate":[220],"middle":[221],"ground:":[222],"it":[223,235],"either":[225],"accelerate":[226],"thresholds,":[233],"serve":[237],"as":[238],"single":[240],"effective":[242],"lever":[243],"stabilizing":[245],"other":[247],"nine":[248],"boundaries":[250],"through":[252],"which":[253],"safeguarding":[254],"civilization's":[256],"survival.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-09T00:00:00"}