{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151626899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Cost Reduction in Public Higher Education: A Scoping Review of Emerging Evidence","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Cost Reduction in Public Higher Education: A Scoping Review of Emerging Evidence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151626899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119066823","display_name":"Diamanto Tzanoulinou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tzanoulinou, Diamanto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005558878","display_name":"Loukas Triantafyllopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7687-5642"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Triantafyllopoulos, Loukas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084832028","display_name":"George Vorvilas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-6774"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vorvilas, George","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036319147","display_name":"Evgenia Paxinou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9910-8569"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paxinou, Evgenia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133095133","display_name":"Nikolaos Karousos","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karousos, Nikolaos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043923219","display_name":"Thomas K. Dasaklis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-4822"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dasaklis, Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110001912","display_name":"Athanassios Mihiotis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihiotis, Athanassios","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046738050","display_name":"Manolis Koutouzis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koutouzis, Manolis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125413814","display_name":"Dimitris Kalles","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kalles, Dimitris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085113815","display_name":"Vassilios S. Verykios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-0819"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Verykios, Vassilios S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119066823"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.37770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.37770000100135803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14240","display_name":"E-Learning and COVID-19","score":0.0738999992609024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.06390000134706497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warrant","display_name":"Warrant","score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scopus","display_name":"Scopus","score":0.5662000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"Cost reduction","score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-analytics","display_name":"Predictive analytics","score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-funding","display_name":"Public funding","score":0.36800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83867959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371467","display_name":"Scopus","level":3,"score":0.5662000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5002999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4514999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.43779999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83209312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053367","display_name":"Predictive analytics","level":2,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019614810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Public funding","level":2,"score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.34549999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019080777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754768","display_name":"Cost effectiveness","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.30230000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22607594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375150","display_name":"Enabling","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11644782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401790","display_name":"Cost efficiency","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4637816548347473}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Public":[0],"higher":[1,64,157],"education":[2],"systems":[3],"face":[4],"increasing":[5],"financial":[6],"pressures":[7],"from":[8],"expanding":[9],"student":[10,118],"populations,":[11],"rising":[12],"operational":[13],"costs,":[14,131],"and":[15,35,47,72,88,112,120,136,150,165],"persistent":[16],"demands":[17],"for":[18,161],"equitable":[19],"access.":[20],"Artificial":[21],"Intelligence":[22],"(AI),":[23],"including":[24],"generative":[25],"tools":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28,41],"ChatGPT,":[29],"learning":[30,109],"analytics,":[31],"intelligent":[32],"tutoring":[33],"systems,":[34],"predictive":[36,114],"models,":[37],"has":[38],"been":[39],"proposed":[40],"a":[42,53],"means":[43],"of":[44,56,79,138,152,171],"enhancing":[45],"efficiency":[46],"reducing":[48],"costs.":[49],"This":[50],"study":[51],"conducts":[52],"scoping":[54],"review":[55],"the":[57,124,143,148,168],"literature":[58],"on":[59,67,167],"AI":[60,96,172],"applications":[61],"in":[62,70,156],"public":[63],"education,":[65,158],"based":[66],"systematic":[68],"searches":[69],"Scopus":[71],"IEEE":[73],"Xplore":[74],"that":[75,95,179],"identified":[76],"241":[77],"records,":[78],"which":[80],"21":[81],"empirical":[82,182],"studies":[83],"met":[84],"predefined":[85],"eligibility":[86],"criteria":[87],"were":[89],"thematically":[90],"analyzed.":[91],"The":[92],"findings":[93],"show":[94],"enables":[97],"cost":[98,154],"savings":[99],"by":[100],"automating":[101],"administrative":[102],"tasks,":[103],"optimizing":[104],"resource":[105],"allocation,":[106],"supporting":[107],"personalized":[108],"at":[110],"scale,":[111],"applying":[113],"analytics":[115],"to":[116,177],"improve":[117],"retention":[119],"institutional":[121],"planning.":[122],"At":[123],"same":[125],"time,":[126],"concerns":[127],"emerge":[128],"regarding":[129],"implementation":[130],"unequal":[132],"access":[133],"across":[134],"institutions,":[135],"risks":[137],"widening":[139],"digital":[140],"divides.":[141],"Overall,":[142],"thematic":[144],"analysis":[145],"highlights":[146],"both":[147],"promises":[149],"limitations":[151],"AI-driven":[153],"reduction":[155],"offering":[159],"insights":[160],"policymakers,":[162],"university":[163],"administrators,":[164],"educators":[166],"economic":[169],"implications":[170],"adoption,":[173],"while":[174],"also":[175],"pointing":[176],"gaps":[178],"warrant":[180],"further":[181],"research.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-08T06:07:18.267832","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}
