{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151257178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496","title":"The Indra Representation Hypothesis for Multimodal Alignment","display_name":"The Indra Representation Hypothesis for Multimodal Alignment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151257178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133069193","display_name":"Jianglin Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu, Jianglin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133113106","display_name":"Hailing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Hailing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133137752","display_name":"Kuo Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133099878","display_name":"Yitian Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Yitian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133083400","display_name":"Simon Jenni","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenni, Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133075721","display_name":"Yun Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.6140999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.6140999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.041600000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphor","display_name":"Metaphor","score":0.6923999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6471999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6413999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5421000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.4131999909877777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.6923999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6471999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6413999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5421000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.49149999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4564000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.38760000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3151000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.31360000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52268767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1248245","display_name":"Relational theory","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98893333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339878","display_name":"Ontology alignment","level":4,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40207289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755662","display_name":"Relational model","level":3,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"studies":[1],"have":[2],"uncovered":[3],"an":[4],"interesting":[5],"phenomenon:":[6],"unimodal":[7,64,175],"foundation":[8,65,176],"models":[9,66],"tend":[10],"to":[11,39,69,79,111,117],"learn":[12],"convergent":[13],"representations,":[14],"regardless":[15],"of":[16,32,56,83,106,174],"differences":[17],"in":[18,139],"architecture,":[19],"training":[20],"objectives,":[21],"or":[22],"data":[23],"modalities.":[24],"However,":[25],"these":[26],"representations":[27,62,154],"are":[28,67],"essentially":[29],"internal":[30],"abstractions":[31],"samples":[33,36],"that":[34,61,152],"characterize":[35],"independently,":[37],"leading":[38],"limited":[40],"expressiveness.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43,88],"paper,":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"The":[47],"Indra":[48,100,131,153],"Representation":[49],"Hypothesis,":[50],"inspired":[51],"by":[52],"the":[53,80,91,99,130],"philosophical":[54],"metaphor":[55],"Indra's":[57,84],"Net.":[58,85],"We":[59,86,128],"argue":[60],"from":[63,95],"converging":[68],"implicitly":[70],"reflect":[71],"a":[72,103,124,165],"shared":[73],"relational":[74,81,104],"structure":[75],"underlying":[76],"reality,":[77],"akin":[78],"ontology":[82],"formalize":[87],"hypothesis":[89],"using":[90,133],"V-enriched":[92],"Yoneda":[93],"embedding":[94],"category":[96],"theory,":[97],"defining":[98],"representation":[101,132],"as":[102],"profile":[105],"each":[107],"sample":[108],"with":[109],"respect":[110],"others.":[112],"This":[113],"formulation":[114],"is":[115,180],"shown":[116],"be":[118],"unique,":[119],"complete,":[120],"and":[121,136,141,147,158,162,168],"structure-preserving":[122],"under":[123],"given":[125],"cost":[126],"function.":[127],"instantiate":[129],"angular":[134],"distance":[135],"evaluate":[137],"it":[138],"cross-model":[140],"cross-modal":[142],"scenarios":[143],"involving":[144],"vision,":[145],"language,":[146],"audio.":[148],"Extensive":[149],"experiments":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"consistently":[155],"enhance":[156],"robustness":[157],"alignment":[159,173],"across":[160],"architectures":[161],"modalities,":[163],"providing":[164],"theoretically":[166],"grounded":[167],"practical":[169],"framework":[170],"for":[171],"training-free":[172],"models.":[177],"Our":[178],"code":[179],"available":[181],"at":[182],"https://github.com/Jianglin954/Indra.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}
