{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151487588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361","title":"Developing Authentic Simulated Learners for Mathematics Teacher Learning: Insights from Three Approaches with Large Language Models","display_name":"Developing Authentic Simulated Learners for Mathematics Teacher Learning: Insights from Three Approaches with Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151487588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133126086","display_name":"Jie Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Jie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133145337","display_name":"Ha Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen, Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111586837","display_name":"Selim Yavuz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yavuz, Selim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023960781","display_name":"Boran Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-9038"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Boran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133067363","display_name":"Shuguang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Shuguang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033752669","display_name":"Pavneet Kaur Bharaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-8074"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bharaj, Pavneet Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020017168","display_name":"Dionne Cross Francis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6851-8867"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis, Dionne Cross","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.28690001368522644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.28690001368522644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.04179999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-method","display_name":"Teaching method","score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-mathematics","display_name":"Elementary mathematics","score":0.33959999680519104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6662999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58801604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284266","display_name":"Elementary mathematics","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172347087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3217196","display_name":"Language of mathematics","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.04361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8851533532142639,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Model":[2],"(LLM)":[3],"simulations,":[4],"where":[5],"LLMs":[6],"act":[7],"as":[8],"students":[9],"with":[10,70,74,124],"varying":[11],"approaches":[12,44,63,107],"to":[13,38,52,98],"learning":[14],"tasks,":[15],"can":[16],"support":[17],"teachers'":[18],"noticing":[19],"of":[20,59],"student":[21,112],"thinking.":[22,101],"However,":[23],"simulations":[24,120],"using":[25],"zero-":[26],"or":[27],"few-shot":[28,71],"prompting":[29],"often":[30],"yield":[31],"inauthentic":[32],"knowledge":[33],"and":[34,47,56,66,79,105],"language,":[35],"directing":[36],"teachers":[37,78],"unrealistic":[39],"reasoning.":[40],"We":[41,114],"evaluate":[42],"three":[43],"(Fine-tuning,":[45],"Multi-agent,":[46],"Direct":[48],"Preference":[49],"Optimization;":[50],"DPO)":[51],"improve":[53,64],"the":[54,103],"authenticity":[55,123],"pedagogical":[57,86],"utility":[58,126],"simulated":[60],"students.":[61],"All":[62],"cognitive":[65],"linguistic":[67],"authenticity,":[68],"compared":[69],"prompts.":[72],"Interviews":[73],"elementary":[75],"mathematics":[76],"pre-service":[77],"researchers":[80],"(\\textit{n}":[81],"=":[82],"8)":[83],"reveal":[84],"distinct":[85],"affordances.":[87],"The":[88],"fine-tuned":[89],"model":[90],"produces":[91],"realistic,":[92],"brief":[93],"responses":[94],"but":[95],"limits":[96],"opportunities":[97],"extend":[99],"students'":[100],"Meanwhile,":[102],"multi-agent":[104],"DPO":[106],"generate":[108],"explicit":[109],"reasoning":[110],"behind":[111],"strategies.":[113],"discuss":[115],"implications":[116],"for":[117,127],"designing":[118],"LLM":[119],"that":[121],"balance":[122],"instructional":[125],"teacher":[128],"learning.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}
