{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151603373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728","title":"Carbon-Driven Incentive Mechanism for Renewable Power-to-Ammonia Production in Coupled Carbon and Ammonia Markets","display_name":"Carbon-Driven Incentive Mechanism for Renewable Power-to-Ammonia Production in Coupled Carbon and Ammonia Markets","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151603373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111100336","display_name":"Yangjun Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeng, Yangjun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119606885","display_name":"Huayan Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5046-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geng, Huayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Data Science, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Data Science, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022532295","display_name":"Yiwei Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3402-7709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiu, Yiwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133077417","display_name":"Xiuli Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204831749","display_name":"Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ewct822","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Xiuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Statistics and Data Science, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Statistics and Data Science, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204831749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025607246","display_name":"Liuchao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1601-010X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Liuchao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369352","display_name":"Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-7092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Jiarong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chen, Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133069059","display_name":"Buxiang Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Buxiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121011988","display_name":"Kaigui Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Kaigui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111100336"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12112","display_name":"Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12112","display_name":"Ammonia Synthesis and Nitrogen Reduction","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11784","display_name":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11053","display_name":"Process Optimization and Integration","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.7027999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allowance","display_name":"Allowance (engineering)","score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissions-trading","display_name":"Emissions trading","score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-compatibility","display_name":"Incentive compatibility","score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-neutrality","display_name":"Carbon neutrality","score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-price","display_name":"Carbon price","score":0.3555000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7027999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5005000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779268580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3447087","display_name":"Allowance (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100405246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348417","display_name":"Emissions trading","level":3,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91810955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7731670","display_name":"Incentive compatibility","level":3,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126172416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774424","display_name":"Carbon neutrality","level":3,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779200991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20681009","display_name":"Carbon price","level":3,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83227832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1488967","display_name":"Carbon offset","level":3,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780964353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318025","display_name":"Revenue sharing","level":3,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777137687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5730923","display_name":"Market mechanism","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153517567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26090","display_name":"Mechanism design","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993946284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5037988","display_name":"Carbon market","level":3,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169402504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535536","display_name":"Clean Development Mechanism","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181258405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3961934","display_name":"Ammonia production","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985847231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12154181","display_name":"Production cost","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48057960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625018","display_name":"Bargaining power","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780625559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152592","display_name":"Commercialization","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Renewable":[0],"power-to-ammonia":[1],"(ReP2A)":[2],"production":[3],"offers":[4],"a":[5,30,75,126,136,148,169,195],"promising":[6],"pathway":[7],"to":[8,176,226],"decarbonize":[9],"the":[10,61,115,130,142,161,185,205,220],"power,":[11],"transport":[12],"and,":[13],"chemical":[14],"sectors,":[15],"yet":[16],"its":[17],"competitiveness":[18],"remains":[19],"limited":[20],"by":[21,191],"high":[22],"costs":[23],"and":[24,45,56,97,104,111,141,168,212,219],"fragmented":[25],"carbon-policy":[26],"frameworks.":[27],"In":[28],"particular,":[29],"unified":[31],"mechanism":[32,79,172,187],"that":[33,81,184],"links":[34],"ReP2A":[35,62,96,116,165,229],"producers":[36],"with":[37,85,193],"fossil-based":[38],"gray":[39,213],"ammonia":[40,46,57,105,214],"(GA)":[41],"competitors":[42],"in":[43,60,100,198,228],"carbon":[44,83,101,189,202],"markets,":[47],"while":[48,109],"coordinating":[49],"incentives":[50],"among":[51,180],"renewable":[52],"generation,":[53],"hydrogen":[54,112],"production,":[55],"synthesis":[58],"stakeholders":[59],"process":[63],"chain,":[64],"is":[65,93,133,145,166,174],"still":[66],"lacking.":[67],"To":[68],"address":[69],"this":[70,72],"gap,":[71],"paper":[73],"proposes":[74],"hierarchical":[76,127],"carbon-driven":[77],"incentive":[78],"(PCIM)":[80],"integrates":[82],"policy":[84],"multi-energy":[86],"market":[87],"interactions.":[88],"A":[89],"two-layer":[90],"trading":[91],"framework":[92,207],"developed,":[94],"where":[95,129],"GA":[98],"compete":[99],"allowance":[102],"(CA)":[103],"markets":[106],"(outer":[107],"layer),":[108],"electricity":[110],"transactions":[113],"coordinate":[114],"chain":[117],"(inner":[118],"layer).":[119],"The":[120],"resulting":[121],"interactions":[122],"are":[123],"modeled":[124],"as":[125,135,147],"equilibrium,":[128],"inner":[131],"layer":[132,144],"reformulated":[134],"tractable":[137],"equivalent":[138],"optimization":[139],"problem,":[140],"outer":[143],"solved":[146],"mixed-integer":[149],"linear":[150],"program":[151],"(MILP)":[152],"derived":[153],"from":[154],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[155],"conditions.":[156],"Based":[157],"on":[158],"equilibrium":[159],"analysis,":[160],"carbon-related":[162],"revenue":[163],"of":[164],"quantified,":[167],"CA":[170],"allocation":[171],"(PCAM)":[173],"proposed":[175,186,206],"ensure":[177],"individually":[178],"rationality":[179],"stakeholders.":[181],"Results":[182],"show":[183],"reduces":[188],"emissions":[190],"12.9%":[192],"only":[194],"1.8%":[196],"decrease":[197],"sector-wide":[199],"revenue.":[200],"Moreover,":[201],"pricing":[203],"under":[204],"redistributes":[208],"profits":[209],"between":[210],"green":[211],"without":[215],"reducing":[216],"total":[217],"welfare,":[218],"PCAM":[221],"further":[222],"enhances":[223],"stakeholders'":[224],"willingness":[225],"participate":[227],"production.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T06:01:30.510260","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}