{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7151448791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642","title":"LLM-based Listwise Reranking under the Effect of Positional Bias","display_name":"LLM-based Listwise Reranking under the Effect of Positional Bias","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7151448791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118969053","display_name":"Jingfen Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4474-6213"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiao, Jingfen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133132056","display_name":"Jin Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133138404","display_name":"Xinyu Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Xinyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133103346","display_name":"Shuaiqiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Shuaiqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133070986","display_name":"Dawei Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin, Dawei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133069827","display_name":"Evangelos Kanoulas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanoulas, Evangelos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133129099","display_name":"Andrew Yates","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yates, Andrew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5118969053"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.7832000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.7832000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.05299999937415123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.04050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debiasing","display_name":"Debiasing","score":0.8697999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7355999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.37950000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779458634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24963715","display_name":"Debiasing","level":2,"score":0.8697999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7355999946594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6575000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5616999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5365999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.37950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.03642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LLM-based":[0],"listwise":[1],"passage":[2,118],"reranking":[3],"has":[4],"attracted":[5],"attention":[6],"for":[7,93,167],"its":[8],"effectiveness":[9,133],"in":[10,39,57,103,124,171],"ranking":[11,139],"candidate":[12],"passages.":[13],"However,":[14],"these":[15],"models":[16],"suffer":[17],"from":[18],"positional":[19,51,77,94,169],"bias,":[20],"where":[21],"passages":[22],"positioned":[23],"towards":[24],"the":[25,28,40,61,98,104,125,137,145,151,159],"end":[26],"of":[27,50,64,100,147,153],"input":[29,126],"are":[30,46],"less":[31],"likely":[32],"to":[33,36,91,114,136],"be":[34],"moved":[35],"top":[37],"positions":[38,102,123],"ranking.":[41],"We":[42],"hypothesize":[43],"that":[44,75,116],"there":[45],"two":[47],"primary":[48],"sources":[49],"bias:":[52],"(1)":[53],"architectural":[54],"bias":[55,95,170],"inherent":[56],"LLMs":[58],"and":[59,79,134],"(2)":[60],"imbalanced":[62],"positioning":[63],"relevant":[65,154],"documents.":[66,155],"To":[67],"address":[68],"this,":[69],"we":[70],"propose":[71],"DebiasFirst,":[72],"a":[73,164],"method":[74],"integrates":[76],"calibration":[78,86],"position-aware":[80],"data":[81,113],"augmentation":[82,110],"during":[83],"fine-tuning.":[84],"Positional":[85],"uses":[87],"inverse":[88],"propensity":[89],"scoring":[90],"adjust":[92],"by":[96],"re-weighting":[97],"contributions":[99],"different":[101],"loss":[105],"function":[106],"when":[107],"training.":[108],"Position-aware":[109],"augments":[111],"training":[112],"ensure":[115],"each":[117],"appears":[119],"equally":[120],"across":[121,140],"varied":[122],"list.":[127],"This":[128],"approach":[129],"markedly":[130],"enhances":[131],"both":[132],"robustness":[135],"original":[138],"diverse":[141],"first-stage":[142],"retrievers,":[143],"reducing":[144],"dependence":[146],"NDCG@10":[148],"performance":[149],"on":[150],"position":[152],"DebiasFirst":[156],"also":[157],"complements":[158],"inference-stage":[160],"debiasing":[161],"methods,":[162],"offering":[163],"practical":[165],"solution":[166],"mitigating":[168],"reranking.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-08T06:07:18.267832","created_date":"2026-04-08T00:00:00"}
