{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7150874529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522","title":"Opal: Private Memory for Personal AI","display_name":"Opal: Private Memory for Personal AI","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7150874529","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025601089","display_name":"Darya Kaviani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1458-0769"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaviani, Darya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133009742","display_name":"Alp Eren Ozdarendeli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ozdarendeli, Alp Eren","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133003041","display_name":"Jinhao Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Jinhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133037938","display_name":"Yu Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ding, Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015782472","display_name":"Raluca Ada Popa","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Popa, Raluca Ada","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.6732000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.6732000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.03790000081062317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-errors","display_name":"Memory errors","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-protection","display_name":"Memory protection","score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-memory","display_name":"Semantic memory","score":0.3294999897480011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119907115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815725","display_name":"Memory errors","level":3,"score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.39320001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18131444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163585","display_name":"Memory protection","level":5,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197914299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650","display_name":"Semantic memory","level":3,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53833338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061424","display_name":"Context switch","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82687282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Auxiliary memory","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.02522","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6221129894256592,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Personal":[0],"AI":[1,205],"systems":[2,79],"increasingly":[3],"retain":[4],"long-term":[5],"memory":[6,78,89,122],"of":[7,106,200],"user":[8],"activity,":[9],"including":[10],"documents,":[11],"emails,":[12],"messages,":[13],"meetings,":[14],"and":[15,141,148,178],"ambient":[16],"recordings.":[17],"Trusted":[18],"hardware":[19],"can":[20,61],"keep":[21],"this":[22],"data":[23,36],"private,":[24],"but":[25,65],"struggles":[26],"to":[27,37,49,98,111,132,198],"scale":[28],"with":[29,183],"a":[30,57,68,87,128,157,189,203],"growing":[31],"datastore.":[32],"This":[33,124],"pushes":[34],"the":[35,50,73,104,112],"external":[38],"storage,":[39],"which":[40],"exposes":[41],"retrieval":[42,169],"access":[43,70],"patterns":[44],"that":[45,60,76,136],"leak":[46],"private":[47,88],"information":[48],"application":[51],"provider.":[52,206],"Oblivious":[53],"RAM":[54],"(ORAM)":[55],"is":[56,97,193],"cryptographic":[58],"primitive":[59],"hide":[62],"these":[63],"patterns,":[64],"it":[66,110],"requires":[67],"fixed":[69],"budget,":[71],"precluding":[72],"query-dependent":[74],"traversals":[75],"agentic":[77],"rely":[80],"on":[81,151,156],"for":[82,91,196],"accuracy.":[83],"We":[84],"present":[85],"Opal,":[86],"system":[90],"personal":[92,107,134],"AI.":[93],"Our":[94],"key":[95],"insight":[96],"decouple":[99],"all":[100],"data-dependent":[101],"reasoning":[102],"from":[103],"bulk":[105],"data,":[108],"confining":[109],"trusted":[113],"enclave.":[114],"Untrusted":[115],"disk":[116],"then":[117],"sees":[118],"only":[119],"fixed,":[120],"oblivious":[121],"accesses.":[123],"enclave-resident":[125],"component":[126],"uses":[127],"lightweight":[129],"knowledge":[130],"graph":[131],"capture":[133],"context":[135],"semantic":[137,176],"search":[138,177],"alone":[139],"misses":[140],"handles":[142],"continuous":[143],"ingestion":[144],"by":[145,163,171],"piggybacking":[146],"reindexing":[147],"capacity":[149],"management":[150],"every":[152],"ORAM":[153],"access.":[154],"Evaluated":[155],"comprehensive":[158],"synthetic":[159],"personal-data":[160],"pipeline":[161],"driven":[162],"stochastic":[164],"communication":[165],"models,":[166],"Opal":[167,192],"improves":[168],"accuracy":[170],"13":[172],"percentage":[173],"points":[174],"over":[175],"achieves":[179],"29x":[180],"higher":[181],"throughput":[182],"15x":[184],"lower":[185],"infrastructure":[186],"cost":[187],"than":[188],"secure":[190],"baseline.":[191],"under":[194],"consideration":[195],"deployment":[197],"millions":[199],"users":[201],"at":[202],"major":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-07T00:00:00"}