{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148985313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924","title":"Is Clinical Text Enough? A Multimodal Study on Mortality Prediction in Heart Failure Patients","display_name":"Is Clinical Text Enough? A Multimodal Study on Mortality Prediction in Heart Failure Patients","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148985313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132861601","display_name":"Oumaima El Khettari","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khettari, Oumaima El","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093389936","display_name":"Virgile Barthet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barthet, Virgile","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113059335","display_name":"Guillaume Hocquet","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hocquet, Guillaume","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054977705","display_name":"Joconde Weller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4367-3470"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weller, Joconde","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132901827","display_name":"Emmanuel Morin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morin, Emmanuel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132900847","display_name":"Pierre Zweigenbaum","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zweigenbaum, Pierre","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure","display_name":"Heart failure","score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6191999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-therapy","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodality","display_name":"Multimodality","score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.3174000084400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.6237999796867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6191999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4441509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6418787","display_name":"Multimodal therapy","level":2,"score":0.5996999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780910867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952416","display_name":"Multimodality","level":2,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.34860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020606620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179661","display_name":"Treatment modality","level":2,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45827449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270338","display_name":"Diagnosis code","level":3,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989179672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6806500","display_name":"Clinical decision making","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8088530898094177,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"short-term":[1,101],"mortality":[2],"prediction":[3,48],"in":[4],"heart":[5],"failure":[6],"(HF)":[7],"remains":[8,109],"challenging,":[9],"particularly":[10],"when":[11],"relying":[12],"on":[13,25],"structured":[14,61,84],"electronic":[15],"health":[16],"record":[17],"(EHR)":[18],"data":[19],"alone.":[20],"We":[21],"evaluate":[22],"transformer-based":[23],"models":[24,72],"a":[26],"French":[27],"HF":[28,102],"cohort,":[29],"comparing":[30],"text-only,":[31],"structured-only,":[32],"multimodal,":[33],"and":[34,53,60,77],"LLM-based":[35],"approaches.":[36],"Our":[37],"results":[38],"show":[39],"that":[40,54,91],"enriching":[41],"clinical":[42,112],"text":[43,59],"with":[44,80],"entity-level":[45],"representations":[46],"improves":[47],"over":[49],"CLS":[50],"embeddings":[51],"alone,":[52],"supervised":[55],"multimodal":[56,86,93],"fusion":[57],"of":[58],"variables":[62],"achieves":[63],"the":[64,96],"best":[65],"overall":[66],"performance.":[67],"In":[68],"contrast,":[69],"large":[70],"language":[71],"perform":[73],"inconsistently":[74],"across":[75],"modalities":[76],"decoding":[78],"strategies,":[79],"text-only":[81],"prompts":[82],"outperforming":[83],"or":[85],"inputs.":[87],"These":[88],"findings":[89],"highlight":[90],"entity-aware":[92],"transformers":[94],"offer":[95],"most":[97],"reliable":[98],"solution":[99],"for":[100,111],"outcome":[103],"prediction,":[104],"while":[105],"current":[106],"LLM":[107],"prompting":[108],"limited":[110],"decision":[113],"support.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-04T00:00:00"}