{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148691436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851","title":"Can Large Language Models Model Programs Formally?","display_name":"Can Large Language Models Model Programs Formally?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148691436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132916064","display_name":"Zhiyong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Zhiyong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132897968","display_name":"Jialun Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Jialun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132907246","display_name":"Jiarong Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Jiarong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132843671","display_name":"Chang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132903996","display_name":"Shing-Chi Cheung","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheung, Shing-Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.3116999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.3116999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.11999999731779099,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.08560000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.7358999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.367000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.7358999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7190999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.6448000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37610000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941921","display_name":"Modeling language","level":3,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206880738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431667","display_name":"Automated theorem proving","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198008173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040040","display_name":"Computation tree logic","level":3,"score":0.2777000069618225}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499983072280884}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,54],"digital":[2],"age,":[3],"ensuring":[4],"correctness,":[6],"safety,":[7],"and":[8,30,36,69,75,108,120],"reliability":[9],"of":[10,56],"software":[11,19],"through":[12],"formal":[13],"verification":[14],"is":[15],"paramount,":[16],"particularly":[17],"as":[18],"increasingly":[20],"underpins":[21],"critical":[22],"infrastructure.":[23],"Formal":[24],"verification,":[25],"split":[26],"into":[27,85],"theorem":[28,40],"proving":[29],"model":[31,46,87,94],"checking,":[32],"provides":[33],"a":[34,67],"feasible":[35],"reliable":[37],"path.":[38],"Unlike":[39],"proving,":[41],"which":[42],"yields":[43],"notable":[44],"advances,":[45],"checking":[47,88],"has":[48],"been":[49],"less":[50],"focused":[51],"due":[52],"to":[53],"difficulty":[55],"automatic":[57],"program":[58,78,118],"modeling.":[59],"To":[60],"fill":[61],"this":[62],"gap,":[63],"we":[64],"introduce":[65],"Model-Bench,":[66],"benchmark":[68],"an":[70],"accompanying":[71,93],"pipeline":[72],"for":[73],"evaluating":[74],"improving":[76],"LLMs'":[77,117],"modeling":[79,82,119],"capability":[80],"by":[81,91],"Python":[83,99],"programs":[84,100],"verification-ready":[86],"specifications":[89],"checkable":[90],"its":[92],"checker.":[95],"Model-Bench":[96],"comprises":[97],"400":[98],"derived":[101],"from":[102],"three":[103],"well-known":[104],"benchmarks":[105],"(HumanEval,":[106],"MBPP,":[107],"LiveCodeBench).":[109],"Our":[110],"extensive":[111],"experiments":[112],"reveal":[113],"significant":[114],"limitations":[115],"in":[116],"further":[121],"provide":[122],"inspiring":[123],"directions.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-04T00:00:00"}