{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148785316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687","title":"CoEvoSkills: Self-Evolving Agent Skills via Co-Evolutionary Verification","display_name":"CoEvoSkills: Self-Evolving Agent Skills via Co-Evolutionary Verification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148785316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132878652","display_name":"Hanrong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Hanrong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132834966","display_name":"Shicheng Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan, Shicheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132919509","display_name":"Henry Peng Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zou, Henry Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125006830","display_name":"Yankai Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yankai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132854497","display_name":"Zhenting Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zhenting","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132883806","display_name":"Jiayu Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Jiayu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132900079","display_name":"Chengze Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Chengze","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132869682","display_name":"Wei-Chieh Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Wei-Chieh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132919179","display_name":"Yifei Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao, Yifei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132881622","display_name":"Kening Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Kening","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132910249","display_name":"Xue Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132862946","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Xiaoxiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132908932","display_name":"Philip S. Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu, Philip S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5132878652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.14010000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.14010000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.10689999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.050200000405311584,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5333999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bundle","display_name":"Bundle","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.40939998626708984}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7010999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5333999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778134712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047307","display_name":"Bundle","level":2,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8566766977310181,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anthropic":[0],"proposes":[1],"the":[2,151],"concept":[3],"of":[4,34],"skills":[5,92,107,128],"for":[6,85],"LLM":[7],"agents":[8,75,111],"to":[9,46,60,73,76,91,94,112,135,143,170],"tackle":[10],"multi-step":[11],"professional":[12],"tasks":[13],"that":[14,109,125,133],"simple":[15],"tool":[16,21],"invocations":[17],"cannot":[18,87],"address.":[19],"A":[20],"is":[22,30,41],"a":[23,28,31,105,122,130],"single,":[24],"self-contained":[25],"function,":[26],"whereas":[27],"skill":[29,39,117],"structured":[32],"bundle":[33],"interdependent":[35],"multi-file":[36,116],"artifacts.":[37],"Currently,":[38],"generation":[40],"not":[42],"only":[43],"label-intensive":[44],"due":[45,93],"manual":[47],"authoring,":[48],"but":[49],"also":[50,165],"may":[51],"suffer":[52],"from":[53],"human--machine":[54],"cognitive":[55],"misalignment,":[56],"which":[57],"can":[58],"lead":[59],"degraded":[61],"agent":[62],"performance,":[63],"as":[64],"evidenced":[65],"by":[66],"evaluations":[67],"on":[68,158],"SkillsBench.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"we":[71,102],"aim":[72],"enable":[74],"autonomously":[77,113],"generate":[78],"skills.":[79],"However,":[80],"existing":[81],"self-evolving":[82,106],"methods":[83],"designed":[84],"tools":[86],"be":[88],"directly":[89],"applied":[90],"their":[95],"increased":[96],"complexity.":[97],"To":[98],"address":[99],"these":[100],"issues,":[101],"propose":[103],"CoEvoSkills,":[104],"framework":[108],"enables":[110],"construct":[114],"complex,":[115],"packages.":[118],"Specifically,":[119],"CoEvoSkills":[120,149],"couples":[121],"Skill":[123],"Generator":[124],"iteratively":[126],"refines":[127],"with":[129],"Surrogate":[131],"Verifier":[132],"co-evolves":[134],"provide":[136],"informative":[137],"and":[138,162,164],"actionable":[139],"feedback":[140],"without":[141],"access":[142],"ground-truth":[144],"test":[145],"content.":[146],"On":[147],"SkillsBench,":[148],"achieves":[150],"highest":[152],"pass":[153],"rate":[154],"among":[155],"five":[156],"baselines":[157],"both":[159],"Claude":[160],"Code":[161],"Codex,":[163],"exhibits":[166],"strong":[167],"generalization":[168],"capabilities":[169],"six":[171],"additional":[172],"LLMs.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T05:59:14.812645","created_date":"2026-04-04T00:00:00"}