{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148773171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644","title":"TOL: Textual Localization with OpenStreetMap","display_name":"TOL: Textual Localization with OpenStreetMap","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148773171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059621213","display_name":"Youqi Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liao, Youqi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068307499","display_name":"Shuhao Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3290-7274"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang, Shuhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132869340","display_name":"Jingyu Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Jingyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071722566","display_name":"Olaf Wysocki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-0229"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wysocki, Olaf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132912711","display_name":"Yan Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia, Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132874257","display_name":"Jianping Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Jianping","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132863417","display_name":"Zhen Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong, Zhen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132864883","display_name":"Bisheng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Bisheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132832360","display_name":"Xieyuanli Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Xieyuanli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059621213"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.35010001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.35010001063346863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.14429999887943268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.14300000667572021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.572700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.5357000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.48350000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7591000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.572700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5439000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.5357000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775955345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449071","display_name":"Semantic mapping","level":2,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172169","display_name":"3D city models","level":3,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779188883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82446","display_name":"Global Map","level":3,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196031653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501867","display_name":"Cartographic generalization","level":3,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150140777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q960648","display_name":"Point of interest","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.01644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8078069090843201,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0],"language":[1],"provides":[2],"an":[3],"intuitive":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6,68,166,173,207,245],"express":[7],"spatial":[8],"intent":[9],"in":[10,73],"geospatial":[11],"applications.":[12],"While":[13],"existing":[14,224],"localization":[15,53,64,137,219],"methods":[16],"often":[17],"rely":[18],"on":[19,82],"dense":[20],"point":[21],"cloud":[22],"maps":[23],"or":[24,85],"high-resolution":[25],"imagery,":[26],"OpenStreetMap":[27],"(OSM)":[28],"offers":[29],"a":[30,97,135,195],"compact":[31],"and":[32,41,103,118,129,147,163,187,203,229,236,241,250],"freely":[33],"available":[34,255],"map":[35,116,205],"representation":[36],"that":[37,139,215],"encodes":[38],"rich":[39],"semantic":[40],"structural":[42],"information,":[43],"making":[44],"it":[45],"well-suited":[46],"for":[47,177],"large-scale":[48,98],"localization.":[49],"However,":[50],"text-to-OSM":[51],"(T2O)":[52],"remains":[54],"largely":[55],"unexplored.":[56],"In":[57,151,180],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60,94],"formulate":[61],"the":[62,91,142,152,178,181,184,200,209,222],"T2O":[63],"task,":[65,93],"which":[66,170],"aims":[67],"estimate":[69],"accurate":[70],"2D":[71],"positions":[72],"urban":[74,105],"environments":[75],"from":[76,159],"textual":[77,111,161,201],"scene":[78],"descriptions":[79,162],"without":[80],"relying":[81],"geometric":[83],"observations":[84],"GNSS-based":[86],"initial":[87],"location.":[88],"To":[89],"support":[90],"proposed":[92],"introduce":[95],"TOL,":[96],"benchmark":[99],"spanning":[100],"multiple":[101],"continents":[102],"diverse":[104],"environments.":[106,247],"TOL":[107],"contains":[108],"approximately":[109],"121K":[110],"queries":[112],"paired":[113],"with":[114],"OSM":[115,164],"tiles":[117,165],"covers":[119],"about":[120],"316":[121],"km":[122],"of":[123,144],"road":[124],"trajectories":[125],"across":[126],"Boston,":[127],"Karlsruhe,":[128],"Singapore.":[130],"We":[131],"further":[132],"propose":[133],"TOLoc,":[134],"coarse-to-fine":[136],"framework":[138],"explicitly":[140],"models":[141,251],"semantics":[143],"surrounding":[145],"objects":[146],"their":[148],"directional":[149],"information.":[150],"coarse":[153],"stage,":[154,183],"direction-aware":[155],"features":[156,206],"are":[157,171,191],"extracted":[158],"both":[160],"construct":[167],"global":[168],"descriptors,":[169],"used":[172],"retrieve":[174],"candidate":[175],"locations":[176],"query.":[179],"fine":[182],"query":[185],"text":[186],"top-1":[188],"retrieved":[189],"tile":[190],"jointly":[192],"processed,":[193],"where":[194],"dedicated":[196],"alignment":[197],"module":[198],"fuses":[199],"descriptor":[202],"local":[204],"regress":[208],"2-DoF":[210],"pose.":[211],"Experimental":[212],"results":[213],"demonstrate":[214],"TOLoc":[216],"achieves":[217],"strong":[218,243],"performance,":[220],"outperforming":[221],"best":[223],"method":[225],"by":[226],"6.53\\%,":[227],"9.93\\%,":[228],"8.32\\%":[230],"at":[231],"5":[232],"m,":[233,235],"10":[234],"25":[237],"m":[238],"thresholds,":[239],"respectively,":[240],"shows":[242],"generalization":[244],"unseen":[246],"Dataset,":[248],"code":[249],"will":[252],"be":[253],"publicly":[254],"at:":[256],"https://github.com/WHU-USI3DV/TOL.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T06:10:49.150238","created_date":"2026-04-04T00:00:00"}