{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7148493244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038","title":"Isomorphic Functionalities between Ant Colony and Ensemble Learning: Part II-On the Strength of Weak Learnability and the Boosting Paradigm","display_name":"Isomorphic Functionalities between Ant Colony and Ensemble Learning: Part II-On the Strength of Weak Learnability and the Boosting Paradigm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7148493244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070827124","display_name":"Ernest Fokou\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0748-9166"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fokou\u00e9, Ernest","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007981040","display_name":"Gregory A. Babbitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4421-6527"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babbitt, Gregory","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132793766","display_name":"Yuval Levental","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Levental, Yuval","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.21279999613761902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.21279999613761902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.09380000084638596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.08630000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.8866999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learnability","display_name":"Learnability","score":0.7113000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony","display_name":"Ant colony","score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-reduction","display_name":"Variance reduction","score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foraging","display_name":"Foraging","score":0.30880001187324524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.8866999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777723229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4367921","display_name":"Learnability","level":2,"score":0.7113000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.532800018787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62644790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454689","display_name":"Variance reduction","level":3,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.30880001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2604.00038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Part":[1],"I":[2],"of":[3,80,108,114,141,158],"this":[4],"series,":[5],"we":[6,37],"established":[7],"a":[8,27,84,92,138],"rigorous":[9],"mathematical":[10,162],"isomorphism":[11],"between":[12,95],"ant":[13,57,100,123],"colony":[14,88],"decision-making":[15],"and":[16,33,99,117,151,169],"random":[17],"forest":[18],"learning,":[19],"demonstrating":[20],"that":[21,69,76,104,122,145],"variance":[22,147],"reduction":[23,44,148,153],"through":[24,45,64,119],"decorrelation":[25],"is":[26],"universal":[28],"principle":[29],"shared":[30],"by":[31],"biological":[32,168],"computational":[34,170],"ensembles.":[35],"Here":[36],"turn":[38],"to":[39,111],"the":[40,77,105,112,129,159],"complementary":[41],"mechanism:":[42],"bias":[43,152],"adaptive":[46,97,126],"weighting.":[47],"Just":[48],"as":[49,133],"boosting":[50,109,134],"algorithms":[51],"sequentially":[52],"focus":[53],"on":[54],"difficult":[55],"instances,":[56],"colonies":[58,124],"dynamically":[59],"amplify":[60],"successful":[61],"foraging":[62],"paths":[63],"pheromone-mediated":[65],"recruitment.":[66],"We":[67,90],"prove":[68],"these":[70],"processes":[71],"are":[72,156],"mathematically":[73],"isomorphic,":[74],"establishing":[75],"fundamental":[78],"theorem":[79],"weak":[81],"learnability":[82],"has":[83],"direct":[85],"analog":[86],"in":[87,167],"decision-making.":[89],"develop":[91],"formal":[93],"mapping":[94],"AdaBoost's":[96],"reweighting":[98],"recruitment":[101,127],"dynamics,":[102],"show":[103],"margin":[106],"theory":[107,140],"corresponds":[110],"stability":[113],"quorum":[115],"decisions,":[116],"demonstrate":[118],"comprehensive":[120],"simulation":[121],"implementing":[125],"achieve":[128],"same":[130,160],"bias-reduction":[131],"benefits":[132],"algorithms.":[135],"This":[136],"completes":[137],"unified":[139],"ensemble":[142],"intelligence,":[143],"revealing":[144],"both":[146],"(Part":[149,154],"I)":[150],"II)":[155],"manifestations":[157],"underlying":[161],"principles":[163],"governing":[164],"collective":[165],"intelligence":[166],"systems.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-03T00:00:00"}
