{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147099039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520","title":"TrafficMoE: Heterogeneity-aware Mixture of Experts for Encrypted Traffic Classification","display_name":"TrafficMoE: Heterogeneity-aware Mixture of Experts for Encrypted Traffic Classification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147099039","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132638827","display_name":"Qing He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Qing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132554459","display_name":"Xiaowei Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Xiaowei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132625584","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang, Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.684499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forcing","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.400299996137619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8051999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.684499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5823000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7257864475250244,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Encrypted":[0],"traffic":[1,171,188,209],"classification":[2],"is":[3,54,140,214],"a":[4,65,92,104,158],"critical":[5],"task":[6],"for":[7],"network":[8],"security.":[9],"While":[10],"deep":[11],"learning":[12],"has":[13],"advanced":[14],"this":[15,87,174],"field,":[16],"the":[17,72,82,97,111,115,131,153,185,202],"occlusion":[18],"of":[19,99,133,155,204],"payload":[20],"semantics":[21],"by":[22,57,102,181],"encryption":[23,78],"severely":[24],"challenges":[25],"standard":[26],"modeling":[27,101,206],"approaches.":[28],"Most":[29],"existing":[30],"frameworks":[31],"rely":[32],"on":[33,170,184,192],"static":[34,44,52,100,156],"and":[35,43,61,119,145],"homogeneous":[36],"pipelines":[37],"that":[38,94,165],"apply":[39],"uniform":[40],"parameter":[41],"sharing":[42],"fusion":[45],"strategies":[46],"across":[47],"all":[48],"inputs.":[49],"This":[50],"one-size-fits-all":[51],"design":[53],"inherently":[55],"flawed:":[56],"forcing":[58],"structured":[59],"headers":[60,118],"randomized":[62],"payloads":[63,120],"into":[64],"unified":[66],"processing":[67],"pipeline,":[68],"it":[69],"inevitably":[70],"entangles":[71],"raw":[73],"protocol":[74],"signals":[75],"with":[76],"stochastic":[77,134],"noise,":[79,135],"thereby":[80],"degrading":[81],"fine-grained":[83],"discriminative":[84,187],"features.":[85,189],"In":[86],"paper,":[88],"we":[89],"propose":[90],"TrafficMoE,":[91],"framework":[93],"breaks":[95],"through":[96],"bottleneck":[98],"establishing":[103],"Disentangle-Filter-Aggregate":[105],"(DFA)":[106],"paradigm.":[107],"Specifically,":[108],"to":[109,142,151],"resolve":[110],"structural":[112],"between-components":[113],"conflict,":[114],"architecture":[116],"disentangles":[117],"using":[121],"dual-branch":[122],"sparse":[123],"Mixture-of-Experts":[124],"(MoE),":[125],"enabling":[126],"modality-specific":[127],"modeling.":[128],"To":[129],"mitigate":[130],"impact":[132],"an":[136],"uncertainty-aware":[137],"filtering":[138],"mechanism":[139],"introduced":[141],"quantify":[143],"reliability":[144],"selectively":[146],"suppress":[147],"high-variance":[148],"representations.":[149],"Finally,":[150],"overcome":[152],"limitations":[154],"fusion,":[157],"routing-guided":[159],"strategy":[160],"aggregates":[161],"cross-modality":[162],"features":[163],"dynamically,":[164],"adaptively":[166],"weighs":[167],"contributions":[168],"based":[169],"context.":[172],"With":[173],"DFA":[175],"paradigm,":[176],"TrafficMoE":[177,196],"maximizes":[178],"representational":[179],"efficiency":[180],"focusing":[182],"solely":[183],"most":[186],"Extensive":[190],"experiments":[191],"six":[193],"datasets":[194],"demonstrate":[195],"consistently":[197],"outperforms":[198],"state-of-the-art":[199],"methods,":[200],"validating":[201],"necessity":[203],"heterogeneity-aware":[205],"in":[207],"encrypted":[208],"analysis.":[210],"The":[211],"source":[212],"code":[213],"publicly":[215],"available":[216],"at":[217],"https://github.com/Posuly/TrafficMoE_main.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}