{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147196597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002","title":"Understand and Accelerate Memory Processing Pipeline for Large Language Model Inference","display_name":"Understand and Accelerate Memory Processing Pipeline for Large Language Model Inference","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147196597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108929023","display_name":"Zifan He","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He, Zifan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132563080","display_name":"Rui Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Rui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132686646","display_name":"Yizhou Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sun, Yizhou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128233824","display_name":"Jason Cong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong, Jason","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.37299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.37299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.10350000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.07999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6965000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-processing","display_name":"Parallel processing","score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-processing","display_name":"Data processing","score":0.27790001034736633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8443999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6965000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5917999744415283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.484499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.37389999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.350600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106515295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26806595","display_name":"Parallel processing","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138827492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6661985","display_name":"Data processing","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.29002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"large":[1],"language":[2],"models":[3],"(LLMs)":[4],"increasingly":[5],"depends":[6],"on":[7,94,111,114,150],"efficient":[8,163],"long-context":[9],"processing":[10,40,59,85,166],"and":[11,20,47,64,86,102,119,131,167],"generation":[12,18],"mechanisms,":[13],"including":[14],"sparse":[15],"attention,":[16],"retrieval-augmented":[17],"(RAG),":[19],"compressed":[21],"contextual":[22],"memory,":[23],"to":[24,49,82,105,128,134],"support":[25],"complex":[26],"reasoning.":[27],"We":[28,90],"show":[29],"that":[30,77],"these":[31],"optimizations":[32,142],"can":[33],"be":[34],"unified":[35],"into":[36],"a":[37,56,95,159],"four-step":[38],"memory":[39,58,84,165],"pipeline:":[41],"Prepare":[42],"Memory,":[43],"Compute":[44],"Relevancy,":[45],"Retrieval,":[46],"Apply":[48],"Inference.":[50],"Through":[51],"systematic":[52],"profiling,":[53],"we":[54,75],"identify":[55],"22%-97%":[57],"overhead":[60],"in":[61,67],"LLM":[62,140,164],"inference":[63,141],"strong":[65],"heterogeneity":[66],"its":[68],"computational":[69],"characteristics.":[70],"Motivated":[71],"by":[72,98],"this":[73,92],"insight,":[74],"argue":[76],"\\textbf{heterogeneous":[78],"systems}":[79],"are":[80],"well-suited":[81],"accelerate":[83],"thus":[87],"end-to-end":[88],"inference.":[89],"demonstrate":[91],"approach":[93],"GPU-FPGA":[96],"system":[97,125],"offloading":[99],"sparse,":[100],"irregular,":[101],"memory-bounded":[103],"operations":[104,110],"FPGAs":[106],"while":[107],"retaining":[108],"compute-intensive":[109],"GPUs.":[112],"Evaluated":[113],"an":[115,120],"AMD":[116],"MI210":[117],"GPU":[118,145],"Alveo":[121],"U55C":[122],"FPGA,":[123],"our":[124],"is":[126],"up":[127,133],"$2.2\\times$":[129],"faster":[130],"achieves":[132],"$4.7\\times$":[135],"less":[136],"energy":[137],"across":[138],"multiple":[139],"than":[143],"the":[144],"baseline":[146],"(similar":[147],"results":[148,154],"hold":[149],"NVIDIA":[151],"A100).":[152],"These":[153],"establish":[155],"heterogeneous":[156,170],"systems":[157],"as":[158],"practical":[160],"direction":[161],"for":[162],"inform":[168],"future":[169],"hardware":[171],"design.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}