{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147371842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342","title":"Kernel-Smith: A Unified Recipe for Evolutionary Kernel Optimization","display_name":"Kernel-Smith: A Unified Recipe for Evolutionary Kernel Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147371842","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065221858","display_name":"He Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Du, He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109786310","display_name":"Qiming Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge, Qiming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132708817","display_name":"Jiakai Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu, Jiakai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132661548","display_name":"Aijun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Aijun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101846853","display_name":"Zheng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1775-5752"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cai, Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132691358","display_name":"Zixian Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Zixian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109422290","display_name":"Sheng Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7495-7070"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan, Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046606383","display_name":"Qinxiu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3229-9442"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng, Qinxiu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051620896","display_name":"Xinchen Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Xinchen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075057178","display_name":"Yicheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-1337"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yicheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132587674","display_name":"Yining Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yining","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132581415","display_name":"Jiaxing Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xie, Jiaxing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132563283","display_name":"Huanan Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong, Huanan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132599869","display_name":"Yaguang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Yaguang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132623689","display_name":"Xiangjun Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Xiangjun","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132673335","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang, Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132594136","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132589179","display_name":"Bowen Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Bowen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132606529","display_name":"Bowen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li, Bowen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132671955","display_name":"Qipeng Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo, Qipeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132697765","display_name":"Kai Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Kai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":21,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065221858"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.2498999983072281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.2498999983072281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.1987999975681305,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.11509999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.633899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.5752000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"Fitness landscape","score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.49410000443458557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7626000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.633899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.5752000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91852762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307742","display_name":"Fitness landscape","level":3,"score":0.5576000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5295000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.49410000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4117000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.3953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.3939000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121835503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596288","display_name":"Evolutionary programming","level":3,"score":0.3684999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207002847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912857","display_name":"Evolution strategy","level":3,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117718","display_name":"Program synthesis","level":2,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,150],"present":[1],"Kernel-Smith,":[2],"a":[3,14,30,105,116,120],"framework":[4,154],"for":[5,67,173],"high-performance":[6],"GPU":[7],"kernel":[8,198],"and":[9,35,44,55,72,89,141,148,169,193],"operator":[10],"generation":[11],"that":[12,99,196],"combines":[13],"stable":[15],"evaluation-driven":[16],"evolutionary":[17,111,122],"agent":[18,26],"with":[19,48,131],"an":[20,40],"evolution-oriented":[21],"post-training":[22],"recipe.":[23],"On":[24,77],"the":[25,78,100,110,136,153,156,182],"side,":[27,80],"Kernel-Smith":[28],"maintains":[29],"population":[31],"of":[32,42],"executable":[33],"candidates":[34],"iteratively":[36],"improves":[37],"them":[38],"using":[39],"archive":[41],"top-performing":[43],"diverse":[45],"programs":[46],"together":[47],"structured":[49],"execution":[50],"feedback":[51],"on":[52,69,74,129,155],"compilation,":[53],"correctness,":[54],"speedup.":[56],"To":[57],"make":[58],"this":[59],"search":[60],"reliable,":[61],"we":[62,81],"build":[63],"backend-specific":[64],"evaluation":[65,204],"services":[66],"Triton":[68,133],"NVIDIA":[70],"GPUs":[71],"Maca":[73],"MetaX":[75,157],"GPUs.":[76],"training":[79],"convert":[82],"long-horizon":[83],"evolution":[84],"trajectories":[85],"into":[86],"step-centric":[87],"supervision":[88],"reinforcement":[90],"learning":[91],"signals":[92],"by":[93],"retaining":[94],"correctness-preserving,":[95],"high-gain":[96],"revisions,":[97],"so":[98],"model":[101],"is":[102],"optimized":[103],"as":[104,115,167],"strong":[106],"local":[107],"improver":[108],"inside":[109],"loop":[112],"rather":[113],"than":[114],"one-shot":[117],"generator.":[118],"Under":[119],"unified":[121],"protocol,":[123],"Kernel-Smith-235B-RL":[124],"achieves":[125],"state-of-the-art":[126],"overall":[127],"performance":[128],"KernelBench":[130],"Nvidia":[132],"backend,":[134,159],"attaining":[135],"best":[137],"average":[138],"speedup":[139],"ratio":[140],"outperforming":[142],"frontier":[143],"proprietary":[144],"models":[145],"including":[146,191],"Gemini-3.0-pro":[147],"Claude-4.6-opus.":[149],"further":[151],"validate":[152],"MACA":[158],"where":[160],"our":[161],"Kernel-Smith-MACA-30B":[162],"surpasses":[163],"large-scale":[164],"counterparts":[165],"such":[166],"DeepSeek-V3.2-think":[168],"Qwen3-235B-2507-think,":[170],"highlighting":[171],"potential":[172],"seamless":[174],"adaptation":[175],"across":[176],"heterogeneous":[177],"platforms.":[178],"Beyond":[179],"benchmark":[180],"results,":[181],"same":[183],"workflow":[184],"produces":[185],"upstream":[186],"contributions":[187],"to":[188,205],"production":[189],"systems":[190],"SGLang":[192],"LMDeploy,":[194],"demonstrating":[195],"LLM-driven":[197],"optimization":[199],"can":[200],"transfer":[201],"from":[202],"controlled":[203],"practical":[206],"deployment.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T13:53:19.096889","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}