{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147543116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168","title":"Leaf-centric Logical Topology Design for OCS-based GPU Clusters","display_name":"Leaf-centric Logical Topology Design for OCS-based GPU Clusters","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147543116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102544471","display_name":"Xinchi Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Xinchi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132660884","display_name":"Weihao Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang, Weihao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068911234","display_name":"Yingming Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao, Yingming","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132576132","display_name":"Yike Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Yike","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132663900","display_name":"Zhuoran Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Zhuoran","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132603799","display_name":"Yongxi Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lv, Yongxi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070612714","display_name":"Peirui Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-4943"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Peirui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045206037","display_name":"Zhuotao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7532-0434"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Zhuotao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132580901","display_name":"Ximeng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Ximeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132700304","display_name":"Xinbing Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Xinbing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063764101","display_name":"Changbo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9285-0594"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wu, Changbo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101357715","display_name":"Zihan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Zihan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068890734","display_name":"WU Dongchao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongchao, Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132571495","display_name":"Yang Jian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian, Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132619741","display_name":"Zhang Zhanbang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanbang, Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132597397","display_name":"Yuansen Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Yuansen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132719361","display_name":"Shizhen Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Shizhen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.4377000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.4377000033855438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.4117000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.027300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5982999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-topology","display_name":"Logical topology","score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4507000148296356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5982999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117729477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Logical topology","level":3,"score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5336999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5167999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.507099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984173633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Routing algorithm","level":4,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74294265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506273","display_name":"Circuit switching","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101336846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105111","display_name":"Optical switch","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.28168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2],"witnessed":[3],"the":[4,83,86,134],"growing":[5],"deployment":[6],"of":[7,92],"optical":[8],"circuit":[9],"switches":[10,40,44,144],"(OCS)":[11],"in":[12,184],"commercial":[13],"GPU":[14,19],"clusters":[15,28],"(e.g.,":[16],"Google":[17],"A3":[18],"cluster)":[20],"optimized":[21],"for":[22,157],"machine":[23],"learning":[24],"(ML)":[25],"workloads.":[26],"Such":[27],"adopt":[29],"a":[30,51,75,126,154,163,181],"three-tier":[31],"leaf-spine-OCS":[32],"topology,":[33],"servers":[34],"attach":[35],"to":[36,49,82,129,176,190],"leaf-layer":[37],"electronic":[38],"packet":[39],"(EPSes);":[41],"these":[42],"leaf":[43,136],"aggregate":[45],"into":[46],"spine-layer":[47],"EPSes":[48],"form":[50],"Pod;":[52],"and":[53,109,161,180],"multiple":[54,142],"Pods":[55,93],"are":[56,94],"interconnected":[57],"via":[58],"core-layer":[59],"OCSes.":[60],"Unlike":[61],"EPSes,":[62],"OCSes":[63],"only":[64],"support":[65],"circuit-based":[66],"paths":[67],"between":[68,89],"directly":[69],"connected":[70],"spine":[71,101,143],"switches,":[72],"potentially":[73],"inducing":[74],"phenomenon":[76],"termed":[77],"routing":[78,159],"polarization,":[79],"which":[80],"refers":[81],"scenario":[84],"where":[85],"bandwidth":[87],"requirements":[88],"specific":[90,112],"pairs":[91],"unevenly":[95],"fulfilled":[96],"through":[97],"links":[98],"among":[99],"different":[100],"switches.":[102],"The":[103],"resulting":[104],"imbalance":[105],"induces":[106],"traffic":[107,131],"contention":[108],"bottlenecks":[110],"on":[111],"leaf-to-spine":[113],"links,":[114],"ultimately":[115],"reducing":[116],"ML":[117],"training":[118],"throughput.":[119],"To":[120],"mitigate":[121],"this":[122],"issue,":[123],"we":[124,152],"introduce":[125],"leaf-centric":[127],"paradigm":[128],"ensure":[130],"originating":[132],"from":[133],"same":[135],"switch":[137],"is":[138],"evenly":[139],"distributed":[140],"across":[141],"with":[145,169],"balanced":[146],"loads.":[147],"Through":[148],"rigorous":[149],"theoretical":[150],"analysis,":[151],"establish":[153],"sufficient":[155],"condition":[156],"avoiding":[158],"polarization":[160],"propose":[162],"corresponding":[164],"logical":[165,185],"topology":[166,186],"design":[167],"algorithm":[168],"polynomial-time":[170],"complexity.":[171],"Large-scale":[172],"simulations":[173],"validate":[174],"up":[175],"19.27%":[177],"throughput":[178],"improvement":[179],"99.16%":[182],"reduction":[183],"computation":[187],"overhead":[188],"compared":[189],"Mixed":[191],"Integer":[192],"Programming":[193],"(MIP)-based":[194],"methods.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}
