{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147366642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197","title":"K$\u03b1$LOS finds Consensus: A Meta-Algorithm for Evaluating Inter-Annotator Agreement in Complex Vision Tasks","display_name":"K$\u03b1$LOS finds Consensus: A Meta-Algorithm for Evaluating Inter-Annotator Agreement in Complex Vision Tasks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147366642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001285622","display_name":"David Tschirschwitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-4172"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tschirschwitz, David","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021158971","display_name":"Volker Rodehorst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-0118"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodehorst, Volker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001285622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.3050000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.3050000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.22849999368190765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.09179999679327011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5992000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4498000144958496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7166000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5992000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.567799985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5587000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5565000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5467000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5404000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4498000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4260999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.37229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37209999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780767217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532421","display_name":"Generality","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Progress":[0],"in":[1,27,218],"object":[2],"detection":[3],"benchmarks":[4],"is":[5,8],"stagnating.":[6],"It":[7],"limited":[9],"not":[10],"by":[11,14,125],"architectures":[12],"but":[13],"the":[15,29,39,51,89,128,132,203],"inability":[16],"to":[17,37,49,56,93,131,138,145],"distinguish":[18],"model":[19],"improvements":[20],"from":[21,142,216],"label":[22],"noise.":[23],"To":[24,169],"restore":[25],"trust":[26],"benchmarking":[28],"field":[30],"requires":[31],"rigorous":[32],"quantification":[33],"of":[34,41,202],"annotation":[35],"consistency":[36],"ensure":[38],"reliability":[40,113],"evaluation":[42],"data.":[43],"However,":[44],"standard":[45,212],"statistical":[46],"metrics":[47,63],"fail":[48],"handle":[50],"instance":[52],"correspondence":[53,101],"problem":[54],"inherent":[55,133],"vision":[57,221],"tasks.":[58],"Furthermore,":[59],"validating":[60],"new":[61],"agreement":[62,72,134],"remains":[64],"circular":[65],"because":[66],"no":[67],"objective":[68],"ground":[69],"truth":[70],"for":[71,213],"exists.":[73],"This":[74,151,199],"forces":[75],"reliance":[76],"on":[77,186],"unverifiable":[78],"heuristics.":[79],"We":[80],"propose":[81],"K$\u03b1$LOS":[82,119,208],"(KALOS),":[83],"a":[84,121,157,175,210],"unified":[85],"meta-algorithm":[86],"that":[87],"generalizes":[88,137],"\"Localization":[90],"First\"":[91],"principle":[92],"standardize":[94],"dataset":[95],"quality":[96],"evaluation.":[97],"By":[98],"resolving":[99],"spatial":[100],"before":[102],"assessing":[103],"agreement,":[104],"our":[105,190],"framework":[106],"transforms":[107],"complex":[108,194],"spatio-categorical":[109],"problems":[110],"into":[111],"nominal":[112],"matrices.":[114],"Unlike":[115],"prior":[116,183],"heuristic":[117],"implementations,":[118],"employs":[120],"principled,":[122],"data-driven":[123],"configuration;":[124],"statistically":[126],"calibrating":[127],"localization":[129,167],"parameters":[130],"distribution,":[135],"it":[136],"diverse":[139],"tasks":[140],"ranging":[141],"bounding":[143],"boxes":[144],"volumetric":[146],"segmentation":[147],"or":[148],"pose":[149],"estimation.":[150],"standardization":[152],"enables":[153],"granular":[154],"diagnostics":[155],"beyond":[156],"single":[158],"score.":[159],"These":[160],"include":[161],"annotator":[162],"vitality,":[163],"collaboration":[164],"clustering,":[165],"and":[166,177,195,206],"sensitivity.":[168],"validate":[170],"this":[171],"approach,":[172],"we":[173],"introduce":[174],"novel":[176],"empirically":[178],"derived":[179],"noise":[180,217],"generator.":[181],"Where":[182],"validations":[184],"relied":[185],"uniform":[187],"error":[188],"assumptions,":[189],"controllable":[191],"testbed":[192],"models":[193],"non-isotropic":[196],"human":[197],"variability.":[198],"provides":[200],"evidence":[201],"metric's":[204],"properties":[205],"establishes":[207],"as":[209],"robust":[211],"distinguishing":[214],"signal":[215],"modern":[219],"computer":[220],"benchmarks.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T13:53:19.096889","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}
