{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147583858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141","title":"Routing Sensitivity Without Controllability: A Diagnostic Study of Fairness in MoE Language Models","display_name":"Routing Sensitivity Without Controllability: A Diagnostic Study of Fairness in MoE Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147583858","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132677517","display_name":"Junhyeok Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Junhyeok","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132653885","display_name":"Kyu Sung Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi, Kyu Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.5012000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.5012000203132629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5777999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotype","display_name":"Stereotype (UML)","score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3614000082015991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5777999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168127410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754331","display_name":"Stereotype (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.5299000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.27141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mixture-of-Experts":[0],"(MoE)":[1],"language":[2],"models":[3,93],"are":[4,52,79,110],"universally":[5],"sensitive":[6],"to":[7,34,85],"demographic":[8],"content":[9],"at":[10,70],"the":[11,36,137],"routing":[12,120],"level,":[13],"yet":[14],"exploiting":[15],"this":[16],"sensitivity":[17,121],"for":[18,126],"fairness":[19],"control":[20],"is":[21,122],"structurally":[22],"limited.":[23],"We":[24],"introduce":[25],"Fairness-Aware":[26],"Routing":[27],"Equilibrium":[28],"(FARE),":[29],"a":[30],"diagnostic":[31],"framework":[32],"designed":[33],"probe":[35],"limits":[37],"of":[38,139],"routing-level":[39,49],"stereotype":[40,127],"intervention":[41],"across":[42,97],"diverse":[43],"MoE":[44,143],"architectures.":[45],"FARE":[46],"reveals":[47,104],"that":[48,119,134],"preference":[50,77],"shifts":[51,78],"either":[53],"unachievable":[54],"(Mixtral,":[55],"Qwen1.5,":[56],"Qwen3),":[57],"statistically":[58],"non-robust":[59],"(DeepSeekMoE),":[60],"or":[61],"accompanied":[62],"by":[63],"substantial":[64],"utility":[65],"cost":[66],"(OLMoE,":[67],"-4.4%p":[68],"CrowS-Pairs":[69],"-6.3%p":[71],"TQA).":[72],"Critically,":[73],"even":[74],"where":[75],"log-likelihood":[76],"robust,":[80],"they":[81],"do":[82],"not":[83],"transfer":[84],"decoded":[86],"generation:":[87],"expanded":[88],"evaluations":[89],"on":[90],"both":[91],"non-null":[92],"yield":[94],"null":[95],"results":[96],"all":[98],"generation":[99],"metrics.":[100],"Group-level":[101],"expert":[102,114],"masking":[103],"why:":[105],"bias":[106],"and":[107,129],"core":[108],"knowledge":[109],"deeply":[111],"entangled":[112],"within":[113],"groups.":[115],"These":[116],"findings":[117],"indicate":[118],"necessary":[123],"but":[124],"insufficient":[125],"control,":[128],"identify":[130],"specific":[131],"architectural":[132],"conditions":[133],"can":[135],"inform":[136],"design":[138],"more":[140],"controllable":[141],"future":[142],"systems.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}