{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147016864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845","title":"GISclaw: A Comprehensive Open-Source LLM Agent System for Realistic Multi-Step Geospatial Analysis","display_name":"GISclaw: A Comprehensive Open-Source LLM Agent System for Realistic Multi-Step Geospatial Analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147016864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132583702","display_name":"Jinzhen Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han, Jinzhen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132573177","display_name":"JinByeong Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, JinByeong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132543866","display_name":"Yuri Shim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shim, Yuri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102404790","display_name":"Jisung Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim, Jisung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062218660","display_name":"\uc774\uc7ac\uc900","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Jae-Joon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.7021999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.7021999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.05400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.6916999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-model","display_name":"Core model","score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gis-applications","display_name":"GIS applications","score":0.36070001125335693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7785999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6916999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780366209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170200","display_name":"Core model","level":2,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56321713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"GIS applications","level":3,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99613125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165194","display_name":"Application programming interface","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74072328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142726","display_name":"Intelligent agent","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92548554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2262868","display_name":"Domain model","level":3,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271801","display_name":"Domain analysis","level":5,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29275276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268965","display_name":"Conceptual schema","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"LLM-driven":[1],"GIS":[2,42,67],"assistants":[3],"solve":[4],"narrow":[5],"single-step":[6],"tasks":[7,129,163],"tightly":[8],"coupled":[9],"to":[10,45,144],"proprietary":[11],"platforms":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"ArcGIS":[15],"or":[16],"QGIS,":[17],"limiting":[18],"their":[19],"use":[20],"for":[21,101],"the":[22,82,211,224],"multi-step,":[23],"cross-format":[24],"pipelines":[25],"that":[26,39],"define":[27],"professional":[28],"geospatial":[29,84],"analysis.":[30],"We":[31,156],"present":[32],"GISclaw,":[33],"a":[34,76,181,192],"comprehensive":[35],"open-source":[36,83],"agent":[37],"system":[38],"performs":[40],"realistic":[41],"analysis":[43,184],"end":[44,46],"-":[47,60,125,140],"spatial":[48],"joins,":[49],"raster":[50],"algebra,":[51],"kriging":[52],"interpolation,":[53],"machine-learning":[54],"classification,":[55],"network":[56],"analysis,":[57],"choropleth":[58],"cartography":[59],"directly":[61],"through":[62],"Python":[63,78],"with":[64,75,81,173],"no":[65],"commercial":[66],"dependency.":[68],"GISclaw":[69,141],"couples":[70],"an":[71,98],"LLM":[72,114],"reasoning":[73,199],"core":[74],"persistent":[77],"sandbox":[79],"pre-loaded":[80],"stack,":[85],"three":[86,153],"engineered":[87],"prompt":[88],"rules":[89],"(Schema":[90],"Analysis,":[91],"Package":[92],"Constraint,":[93],"Domain":[94],"Knowledge":[95],"Injection),":[96],"and":[97,110,137,148,180,190,201],"Error-Memory":[99],"module":[100],"self-correction.":[102],"A":[103],"single":[104],"backend-agnostic":[105],"architecture":[106],"supports":[107],"both":[108],"cloud-API":[109],"locally":[111,225],"deployed":[112,226],"open-weight":[113],"backends,":[115],"enabling":[116],"air-gapped":[117],"deployment":[118],"without":[119],"loss":[120],"of":[121],"capability.":[122],"On":[123],"GeoAnalystBench":[124],"50":[126],"expert-curated":[127],"multi-step":[128],"averaging":[130],"5.8":[131],"analytical":[132],"steps":[133],"across":[134],"vector,":[135],"raster,":[136],"tabular":[138],"data":[139],"reaches":[142],"up":[143],"100%":[145],"task":[146],"success":[147,151],"97%":[149],"mean":[150],"over":[152],"independent":[154],"runs.":[155],"further":[157],"conduct":[158],"1,800":[159],"controlled":[160],"experiments":[161],"(50":[162],"x":[164,167,170],"6":[165],"backends":[166],"2":[168],"architectures":[169],"3":[171],"repeats)":[172],"bootstrap":[174],"95%":[175],"CIs,":[176],"paired":[177],"Wilcoxon":[178],"tests,":[179],"composite-score":[182],"sensitivity":[183],"(Kendall's":[185],"tau":[186],"median":[187],"=":[188,221],"0.94),":[189],"introduce":[191],"three-layer":[193],"evaluation":[194],"protocol":[195],"combining":[196],"code":[197],"structure,":[198],"process,":[200],"type-specific":[202],"output":[203],"verification.":[204],"The":[205],"Single-Agent":[206],"ReAct":[207],"loop":[208],"reliably":[209],"outperforms":[210],"Dual-Agent":[212],"Plan-Execute-Replan":[213],"pipeline":[214],"on":[215],"every":[216],"cloud":[217],"backend":[218],"(Cliff's":[219],"delta":[220],"0.15-0.41);":[222],"only":[223],"14B":[227],"model":[228,238],"gains":[229],"from":[230],"multi-agent":[231],"orchestration,":[232],"suggesting":[233],"architectural":[234],"complexity":[235],"should":[236],"match":[237],"capability":[239],"rather":[240],"than":[241],"be":[242],"added":[243],"by":[244],"default.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}
