{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143342912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583","title":"A new approach to rating scale definition with quantum-inspired optimization","display_name":"A new approach to rating scale definition with quantum-inspired optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143342912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130958628","display_name":"Patrizio Spada","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Spada, Patrizio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130943754","display_name":"Laura Cappelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cappelli, Laura","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081209829","display_name":"Francesca Cibrario","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8290-4992"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cibrario, Francesca","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059344513","display_name":"Christian Mattia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia, Christian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130963886","display_name":"Daniele Magnaldi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magnaldi, Daniele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130969108","display_name":"Matteo Argenton","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Argenton, Matteo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067711003","display_name":"Enrico Calore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2301-3838"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calore, Enrico","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124855575","display_name":"Sebastiano Fabio Schifano","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schifano, Sebastiano Fabio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130991188","display_name":"Concezio Bozzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bozzi, Concezio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027326162","display_name":"Davide Corbelletto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8830-2619"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corbelletto, Davide","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130958628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.5128999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.5128999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.05900000035762787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11496","display_name":"Credit Risk and Financial Regulations","score":0.023000000044703484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6769000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.5016000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-unconstrained-binary-optimization","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.3476000130176544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6769000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5803999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5357999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.5016000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177179195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268372","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","level":4,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777764128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539","display_name":"Loan","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983524802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic model","level":3,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"finance,":[1],"assessing":[2],"the":[3,20,65,74,87],"creditworthiness":[4],"of":[5],"loan":[6],"applicants":[7],"requires":[8],"lenders":[9],"to":[10,41,80],"cluster":[11],"borrowers":[12],"using":[13,45],"rating":[14],"scales.":[15],"Financial":[16],"institutions":[17],"must":[18],"define":[19],"scales":[21],"in":[22,29],"compliance":[23],"with":[24,68],"strict":[25],"institutional":[26],"constraints,":[27],"resulting":[28],"solving":[30],"a":[31,46,53,77],"complex":[32,92],"combinatorial":[33],"constrained":[34],"optimization":[35],"problem.":[36],"This":[37],"contribution":[38],"studies":[39],"how":[40],"solve":[42],"this":[43,61],"problem":[44],"Quadratic":[47],"Unconstrained":[48],"Binary":[49],"Optimization":[50],"(QUBO)":[51],"model,":[52],"formulation":[54,67],"suitable":[55],"for":[56,90],"quantum":[57],"hardware.":[58],"We":[59,71],"validate":[60],"approach":[62],"by":[63],"testing":[64],"proposed":[66],"classical":[69],"heuristics.":[70],"then":[72],"benchmark":[73],"results":[75],"against":[76],"brute-force":[78],"method":[79],"demonstrate":[81],"consistent":[82],"solution":[83],"quality":[84],"and":[85],"highlight":[86],"framework's":[88],"suitability":[89],"more":[91],"scenarios.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}