{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143480647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434","title":"Automating Clinical Information Retrieval from Finnish Electronic Health Records Using Large Language Models","display_name":"Automating Clinical Information Retrieval from Finnish Electronic Health Records Using Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143480647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130979833","display_name":"Mikko Saukkoriipi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saukkoriipi, Mikko","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108681057","display_name":"Nicole Hernandez","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hernandez, Nicole","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032690739","display_name":"Jaakko Sahlsten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-6502"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahlsten, Jaakko","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024424868","display_name":"KIMMO KASKI","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaski, Kimmo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130993378","display_name":"Otso Arponen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arponen, Otso","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5404999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.5404999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.32409998774528503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10350","display_name":"Electronic Health Records Systems","score":0.02979999966919422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-health-record","display_name":"Electronic health record","score":0.5026999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.34290000796318054}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7056000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5331000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020144179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10871684","display_name":"Electronic health record","level":3,"score":0.5026999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.477400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145642194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health informatics","level":3,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21338462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662581","display_name":"Information model","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63527458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133829","display_name":"Clinical decision support system","level":3,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.26434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.64519864320755,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinicians":[0],"often":[1],"need":[2,185],"to":[3,49],"retrieve":[4,174],"patient-specific":[5,175],"information":[6,176],"from":[7,35,47,64,177],"electronic":[8],"health":[9],"records":[10,65],"(EHRs),":[11],"a":[12,21,101,157],"task":[13],"that":[14,30,167],"is":[15],"time-consuming":[16],"and":[17,84,114,124,138,153,188],"error-prone.":[18],"We":[19],"present":[20],"locally":[22,168],"deployable":[23],"Clinical":[24,128],"Contextual":[25],"Question":[26],"Answering":[27],"(CCQA)":[28],"framework":[29],"answers":[31],"clinical":[32,75,192],"questions":[33,141],"directly":[34],"EHRs":[36,178],"without":[37],"external":[38],"data":[39],"transfer.":[40],"Open-source":[41],"large":[42],"language":[43],"models":[44,104],"(LLMs)":[45],"ranging":[46],"4B":[48],"70B":[50],"parameters":[51],"were":[52],"benchmarked":[53],"under":[54],"fully":[55],"offline":[56],"conditions":[57],"using":[58,179],"1,664":[59],"expert-annotated":[60],"question-answer":[61],"pairs":[62],"derived":[63],"of":[66,73,136,162],"183":[67],"patients.":[68],"The":[69],"dataset":[70],"consisted":[71],"predominantly":[72],"Finnish":[74],"text.":[76],"In":[77,100],"free-text":[78],"generation,":[79],"Llama-3.1-70B":[80],"achieved":[81,97],"95.3%":[82],"accuracy":[83,107],"97.3%":[85],"consistency":[86],"across":[87],"semantically":[88,139],"equivalent":[89,140],"question":[90],"variants,":[91],"while":[92,119,182],"the":[93,154,184],"smaller":[94],"Qwen3-30B-A3B-2507":[95],"model":[96],"comparable":[98],"performance.":[99],"multiple-choice":[102],"setting,":[103],"showed":[105],"similar":[106],"but":[108],"variable":[109],"calibration.":[110],"Low-precision":[111],"quantization":[112],"(4-bit":[113],"8-bit)":[115],"preserved":[116],"predictive":[117],"performance":[118],"reducing":[120],"GPU":[121],"memory":[122],"requirements":[123],"improving":[125],"deployment":[126],"feasibility.":[127],"evaluation":[129],"identified":[130],"clinically":[131,158],"significant":[132,159],"errors":[133],"in":[134,191],"2.9%":[135],"outputs,":[137],"occasionally":[142],"yielded":[143],"discordant":[144],"responses,":[145],"including":[146],"instances":[147],"where":[148],"one":[149],"formulation":[150],"was":[151],"correct":[152],"other":[155],"contained":[156],"error":[160],"(0.96%":[161],"cases).":[163],"These":[164],"findings":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"hosted":[169],"open-source":[170],"LLMs":[171],"can":[172],"accurately":[173],"natural-language":[180],"queries,":[181],"highlighting":[183],"for":[186],"validation":[187],"human":[189],"oversight":[190],"deployment.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}
