{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140615166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543","title":"Analysing the Safety Pitfalls of Steering Vectors","display_name":"Analysing the Safety Pitfalls of Steering Vectors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140615166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130645557","display_name":"Yuxiao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li, Yuxiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092081546","display_name":"Alina Fastowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fastowski, Alina","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130671211","display_name":"Efstratios Zaradoukas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaradoukas, Efstratios","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017702643","display_name":"Bardh Prenkaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-2279"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prenkaj, Bardh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024434748","display_name":"Gjergji Kasneci","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kasneci, Gjergji","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130645557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.17970000207424164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.16740000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.7372999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-safety","display_name":"System safety","score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steering-committee","display_name":"Steering committee","score":0.29980000853538513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.7372999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3296000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156312663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865588","display_name":"Steering committee","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994198235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14493193","display_name":"Workplace safety","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.24543","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Activation":[0,46],"steering":[1,41,52,66,88,124],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,61],"a":[5,36,49,55,136,157],"powerful":[6],"tool":[7],"to":[8,98,103,119],"shape":[9],"LLM":[10,84],"behavior":[11],"without":[12],"the":[13,70,89,112,120,123,127,146],"need":[14],"for":[15,139],"weight":[16],"updates.":[17],"While":[18],"its":[19,26,105],"inherent":[20],"brittleness":[21],"and":[22,86,126,161],"unreliability":[23],"are":[24],"well-documented,":[25],"safety":[27,38,152],"implications":[28],"remain":[29],"underexplored.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32,117,140,151],"work,":[33],"we":[34,63,134],"present":[35],"systematic":[37],"audit":[39],"of":[40,73,130,150],"vectors":[42,67,125],"obtained":[43],"with":[44,76],"Contrastive":[45],"Addition":[47],"(CAA),":[48],"widely":[50],"used":[51],"approach,":[53],"under":[54,79],"unified":[56],"evaluation":[57],"protocol.":[58],"Using":[59],"JailbreakBench":[60],"benchmark,":[62],"show":[64],"that":[65],"consistently":[68],"influence":[69],"success":[71,107],"rate":[72,108],"jailbreak":[74],"attacks,":[75],"stronger":[77],"amplification":[78],"simple":[80],"template-based":[81],"attacks.":[82],"Across":[83],"families":[85],"sizes,":[87],"model":[90],"in":[91,154],"specific":[92],"directions":[93,129],"can":[94],"drastically":[95],"increase":[96],"(up":[97,102],"57%)":[99],"or":[100],"decrease":[101],"50%)":[104],"attack":[106],"(ASR),":[109],"depending":[110],"on":[111],"targeted":[113],"behavior.":[114,132],"We":[115],"attribute":[116],"phenomenon":[118],"overlap":[121],"between":[122,159],"latent":[128],"refusal":[131],"Thus,":[133],"offer":[135],"traceable":[137],"explanation":[138],"discovery.":[141],"Together,":[142],"our":[143],"findings":[144],"reveal":[145],"previously":[147],"unobserved":[148],"origin":[149],"gap":[153],"LLMs,":[155],"highlighting":[156],"trade-off":[158],"controllability":[160],"safety.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T06:05:27.210665","created_date":"2026-03-27T00:00:00"}
