{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140276326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511","title":"CTF as a Service: A reproducible and scalable infrastructure for cybersecurity training","display_name":"CTF as a Service: A reproducible and scalable infrastructure for cybersecurity training","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140276326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130545017","display_name":"Carlos Jimeno Miguel amd Mikel Izal Azcarate","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel, Carlos Jimeno","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Izal, Mikel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izal, Mikel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.15160000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.15160000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.13009999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.04699999839067459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.7077000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6922000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.37720000743865967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.7077000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6922000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6625999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.5631999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.4796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.475600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.37720000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9903902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025536","display_name":"DevOps","level":3,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.31679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57041688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220644","display_name":"Service-oriented architecture","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.271699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181889124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380204","display_name":"Service level","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6081193089485168,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Capture":[0],"The":[1,87,116,141],"Flag":[2],"(CTF)":[3],"competitions":[4],"have":[5],"established":[6],"themselves":[7],"as":[8,57,68,73],"a":[9,55,58,91,101,105,109,148],"highly":[10],"effective":[11],"pedagogical":[12],"tool":[13],"in":[14,21,42,94],"cybersecurity":[15],"education,":[16],"offering":[17],"students":[18],"hands-on":[19],"experience":[20],"realistic":[22],"attack":[23],"and":[24,29,52,75,82,108,128,138,155,167],"defense":[25],"scenarios.":[26],"However,":[27],"organizing":[28],"hosting":[30,150],"these":[31],"events":[32],"requires":[33],"considerable":[34],"infrastructure":[35,114],"effort,":[36],"which":[37,95],"frequently":[38],"limits":[39],"their":[40],"adoption":[41],"academic":[43],"settings.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46,117],"presents":[47],"the":[48,119,123,129],"design,":[49],"iterative":[50],"development,":[51,127],"evaluation":[53],"of":[54,158],"CTF":[56,149],"Service":[59],"(CaaS)":[60],"platform":[61,142],"built":[62],"on":[63],"Proxmox":[64],"virtualization,":[65],"leveraging":[66],"Infrastructure":[67],"Code":[69],"(IaC)":[70],"tools":[71],"such":[72],"Terraform":[74],"Ansible,":[76],"container":[77],"orchestration":[78],"via":[79],"Docker":[80],"Swarm,":[81],"load":[83],"balancing":[84],"with":[85,152],"HAProxy.":[86],"system":[88],"supports":[89],"both":[90],"development-centered":[92],"workflow,":[93],"challenges":[96,124],"are":[97,160],"automatically":[98],"deployed":[99],"from":[100],"Git":[102],"repository":[103],"through":[104],"CI/CD":[106],"pipeline,":[107],"deployment-oriented":[110],"workflow":[111],"for":[112],"ad-hoc":[113],"provisioning.":[115],"describes":[118],"design":[120],"decisions":[121],"made,":[122],"encountered":[125],"during":[126],"solutions":[130],"implemented":[131],"to":[132,145],"achieve":[133],"session":[134],"persistence,":[135],"external":[136],"routing,":[137],"challenge":[139],"replicability.":[140],"is":[143],"designed":[144],"evolve":[146],"into":[147],"service":[151],"commercial":[153],"potential,":[154],"future":[156],"lines":[157],"work":[159],"outlined":[161],"regarding":[162],"automatic":[163],"scaling,":[164],"monitoring":[165],"integration,":[166],"frontend":[168],"standardization.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-26T00:00:00"}