{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140209995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184","title":"Revisiting Quantum Code Generation: Where Should Domain Knowledge Live?","display_name":"Revisiting Quantum Code Generation: Where Should Domain Knowledge Live?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140209995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Novo, Oscar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Novo, Oscar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bastidas-Jossa, Oscar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bastidas-Jossa, Oscar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Calvo, Alberto","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calvo, Alberto","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peris, Antonio","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peris, Antonio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kuchkovsky, Carlos","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuchkovsky, Carlos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.46560001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.46560001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.12039999663829803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.07050000131130219,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"Code generation","score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-specific-language","display_name":"Domain-specific language","score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.3488999903202057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.5683000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5443000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.5052000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.45969998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43860000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135257023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691358","display_name":"Domain-specific language","level":2,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5977032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5289815","display_name":"Domain engineering","level":5,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346349","display_name":"Execution model","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.22184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,82],"large":[3],"language":[4],"models":[5,127],"(LLMs)":[6],"have":[7],"enabled":[8],"the":[9,72,112,116,140,166,173],"automation":[10],"of":[11,15,88,153],"an":[12,151],"increasing":[13],"number":[14],"programming":[16],"tasks,":[17],"including":[18],"code":[19,69],"generation":[20,70,95],"for":[21,67,139],"scientific":[22],"and":[23,97,132,135,161,186,211],"engineering":[24],"domains.":[25],"In":[26,60],"rapidly":[27],"evolving":[28],"software":[29,34,217],"ecosystems":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32,57],"quantum":[33,216],"development,":[35],"where":[36],"frameworks":[37],"expose":[38],"complex":[39],"abstractions,":[40],"a":[41,77,86,208],"central":[42],"question":[43],"is":[44],"how":[45],"best":[46],"to":[47,137,214],"incorporate":[48],"domain":[49],"knowledge":[50],"into":[51],"LLM-based":[52],"assistants":[53],"while":[54,182],"preserving":[55],"maintainability":[56],"libraries":[58],"evolve.":[59],"this":[61],"work,":[62],"we":[63],"study":[64],"specialization":[65],"strategies":[66],"Qiskit":[68],"using":[71],"Qiskit-HumanEval":[73],"benchmark.":[74],"We":[75],"compare":[76],"parameter-specialized":[78,113,167],"fine-tuned":[79,117],"baseline":[80],"introduced":[81],"prior":[83],"work":[84],"against":[85],"range":[87],"recent":[89,125],"general-purpose":[90,108,126,159],"LLMs":[91,109],"enhanced":[92],"with":[93,100,146],"retrieval-augmented":[94,133],"(RAG)":[96],"agent-based":[98],"inference":[99],"execution":[101,170],"feedback.":[102],"Our":[103],"results":[104],"show":[105],"that":[106,192],"modern":[107],"consistently":[110],"outperform":[111],"baseline.":[114,168],"While":[115],"model":[118,143],"achieves":[119],"approximately":[120],"47%":[121],"pass@1":[122],"on":[123,203],"Qiskit-HumanEval,":[124],"reach":[128],"60-65%":[129],"under":[130],"zero-shot":[131,158],"settings,":[134],"up":[136],"85%":[138],"strongest":[141],"evaluated":[142],"when":[144],"combined":[145],"iterative":[147],"execution-feedback":[148],"agents":[149],"-representing":[150],"improvement":[152],"more":[154,162,209],"than":[155,163],"20%":[156],"over":[157,165],"performance":[160,193],"35%":[164],"Agentic":[169],"feedback":[171],"yields":[172],"most":[174],"consistent":[175],"improvements,":[176],"albeit":[177],"at":[178],"increased":[179],"runtime":[180],"cost,":[181],"RAG":[183],"provides":[184],"modest":[185],"model-dependent":[187],"gains.":[188],"These":[189],"findings":[190],"indicate":[191],"gains":[194],"can":[195],"be":[196],"achieved":[197],"without":[198],"domain-specific":[199],"fine-tuning,":[200],"instead":[201],"relying":[202],"inference-time":[204],"augmentation,":[205],"thereby":[206],"enabling":[207],"flexible":[210],"maintainable":[212],"approach":[213],"LLM-assisted":[215],"development.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-25T00:00:00"}
