{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140169651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899","title":"Mitigating Shortcut Reasoning in Language Models: A Gradient-Aware Training Approach","display_name":"Mitigating Shortcut Reasoning in Language Models: A Gradient-Aware Training Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140169651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cao, Hongyu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cao, Hongyu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liu, Kunpeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Kunpeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wang, Dongjie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Dongjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fu, Yanjie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu, Yanjie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.6050999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.6050999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.04910000041127205,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0414000004529953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5845999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memorization","display_name":"Memorization","score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-based-reasoning","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-reasoning","display_name":"Logical reasoning","score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.35569998621940613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6503000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5845999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.5746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20162079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151406","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43971567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142865","display_name":"Logical reasoning","level":2,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983787585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature matching","level":3,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3224000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89288958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301504","display_name":"Reasoning system","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86827895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098582","display_name":"Opportunistic reasoning","level":4,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533093","display_name":"On the fly","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.20899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4793323874473572}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2],"exhibit":[3],"strong":[4],"reasoning":[5,67],"capabilities,":[6],"yet":[7],"often":[8],"rely":[9],"on":[10,65],"shortcuts":[11],"such":[12],"as":[13],"surface":[14],"pattern":[15],"matching":[16],"and":[17,36,42,56,59,75],"answer":[18],"memorization":[19],"rather":[20],"than":[21],"genuine":[22],"logical":[23],"inference.":[24],"We":[25],"propose":[26],"Shortcut-Aware":[27],"Reasoning":[28],"Training":[29],"(SART),":[30],"a":[31],"gradient-aware":[32],"framework":[33],"that":[34,70],"detects":[35],"mitigates":[37],"shortcut-promoting":[38],"samples":[39],"via":[40],"ShortcutScore":[41],"gradient":[43,51],"surgery.":[44],"Our":[45],"method":[46],"identifies":[47],"shortcut":[48],"signals":[49],"through":[50],"misalignment":[52],"with":[53],"validation":[54],"objectives":[55],"answer-token":[57],"concentration,":[58],"modifies":[60],"training":[61],"dynamics":[62],"accordingly.":[63],"Experiments":[64],"controlled":[66],"benchmarks":[68],"show":[69],"SART":[71],"achieves":[72],"+16.5%":[73],"accuracy":[74],"+40.2%":[76],"robustness":[77],"over":[78],"the":[79],"strongest":[80],"baseline,":[81],"significantly":[82],"improving":[83],"generalization":[84],"under":[85],"distribution":[86],"shifts.":[87],"Code":[88],"is":[89],"available":[90],"at:":[91],"https://github.com/fuyanjie/short-cut-aware-data-centric-reasoning.":[92]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-25T00:00:00"}