{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140124637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999","title":"NCR vs. Passive/Active RIS: How Much NCR Amplification is Required to Beat RIS?","display_name":"NCR vs. Passive/Active RIS: How Much NCR Amplification is Required to Beat RIS?","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140124637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122556022","display_name":"\u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe Demir","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demir, \u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130397884","display_name":"Ozan Alp Topal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Topal, Ozan Alp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130329263","display_name":"Cicek Cavdar","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cavdar, Cicek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130359870","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bj\u00f6rnson, Emil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrowband","display_name":"Narrowband","score":0.6904000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5695000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5676000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.37070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140483","display_name":"Narrowband","level":2,"score":0.6904000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5695000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5676000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5285000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4869000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26669999957084656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,55,69,84,92,97,107,130,147,170],"fundamental":[4],"tradeoff":[5],"between":[6,54],"reconfigurable":[7],"intelligent":[8],"surfaces":[9],"(RISs)":[10],"and":[11,32,48,57,61,67,123,160,175],"network-controlled":[12],"repeaters":[13],"(NCRs)":[14],"in":[15,177],"terms":[16],"of":[17,71,94,173],"achievable":[18],"signal-to-noise":[19],"ratio":[20],"(SNR).":[21],"Considering":[22],"an":[23,101],"uplink":[24],"system":[25,161],"with":[26,66,87,91],"a":[27,33,72,79],"multi-antenna":[28],"base":[29],"station":[30],"(BS)":[31],"single-antenna":[34],"user":[35],"equipment":[36],"(UE),":[37],"we":[38,115],"derive":[39],"closed-form":[40],"SNR":[41,85,98],"expressions":[42],"for":[43,151,169],"passive":[44,122],"RIS-,":[45,47],"active":[46,124],"NCR-assisted":[49],"communication":[50],"under":[51],"line-of-sight":[52],"propagation":[53],"BS-RIS/NCR":[56],"RIS/NCR-UE.":[58],"Both":[59],"narrowband":[60],"wideband":[62],"transmissions":[63],"are":[64],"analyzed,":[65],"without":[68],"presence":[70],"direct":[73],"BS--UE":[74],"link.":[75],"Our":[76],"analysis":[77],"reveals":[78],"key":[80],"structural":[81],"difference:":[82],"while":[83],"achieved":[86],"RISs":[88,125,155,174],"grows":[89],"unboundedly":[90],"number":[93],"RIS":[95],"elements,":[96],"provided":[99,132],"by":[100,106],"NCR":[102],"is":[103,136],"fundamentally":[104],"limited":[105],"UE--repeater":[108],"channel":[109],"due":[110],"to":[111,129,153],"noise":[112],"amplification.":[113],"Nevertheless,":[114],"show":[116],"that":[117,133],"NCRs":[118,152,176],"can":[119],"outperform":[120,154],"both":[121],"when":[126],"deployed":[127],"close":[128],"UE,":[131],"sufficient":[134],"amplification":[135,148],"available.":[137],"Numerical":[138],"results":[139],"based":[140],"on":[141],"realistic":[142],"path":[143],"loss":[144],"models":[145],"quantify":[146],"levels":[149],"required":[150],"across":[156],"different":[157],"deployment":[158],"geometries":[159],"dimensions.":[162],"These":[163],"findings":[164],"provide":[165],"clear":[166],"design":[167],"guidelines":[168],"practical":[171],"integration":[172],"future":[178],"wireless":[179],"networks.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-01T06:00:48.157686","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}