{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140084612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668","title":"Structured Prompting for Arabic Essay Proficiency: A Trait-Centric Evaluation Approach","display_name":"Structured Prompting for Arabic Essay Proficiency: A Trait-Centric Evaluation Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140084612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130360314","display_name":"Salim Al Mandhari","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mandhari, Salim Al","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128220063","display_name":"Hieu Pham Dinh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinh, Hieu Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093759946","display_name":"Mo El-Haj","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El-Haj, Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058785189","display_name":"Paul Rayson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-2191"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rayson, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.1387999951839447,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.054499998688697815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trait","display_name":"Trait","score":0.7305999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scarcity","display_name":"Scarcity","score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.35269999504089355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106934330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971873","display_name":"Trait","level":2,"score":0.7305999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.4311999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42879998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778243841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56467","display_name":"Modern Standard Arabic","level":3,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778883600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2390977","display_name":"Language proficiency","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780790391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149626","display_name":"Written language","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2603.19668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7285383343696594,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2,180],"a":[3,40],"novel":[4],"prompt":[5],"engineering":[6],"framework":[7,184],"for":[8,36,185,194],"trait":[9,71,106,125],"specific":[10],"Automatic":[11],"Essay":[12],"Scoring":[13],"(AES)":[14],"in":[15,51,128,176,197],"Arabic,":[16,37],"leveraging":[17],"large":[18],"language":[19,54],"models":[20],"(LLMs)":[21],"under":[22],"zero-shot":[23],"and":[24,46,62,87,116,131,137,150,157,190],"few-shot":[25,88,132],"configurations.":[26],"Addressing":[27],"the":[28,75,95,98,123,160,181,192],"scarcity":[29],"of":[30],"scalable,":[31],"linguistically":[32],"informed":[33],"AES":[34,103,175,189],"tools":[35],"we":[38,90],"introduce":[39],"three-tier":[41],"prompting":[42,133,143],"strategy":[43],"(standard,":[44],"hybrid,":[45],"rubric-guided)":[47],"that":[48,120,166],"guides":[49],"LLMs":[50,93],"evaluating":[52],"distinct":[53],"proficiency":[55,186],"traits":[56,149,153],"such":[57,154],"as":[58,155],"organization,":[59],"vocabulary,":[60],"development,":[61],"style.":[63],"The":[64],"hybrid":[65],"approach":[66],"simulates":[67],"multi-agent":[68],"evaluation":[69],"with":[70,105,141],"specialist":[72],"raters,":[73],"while":[74],"rubric-guided":[76,142],"method":[77],"incorporates":[78],"scored":[79],"exemplars":[80],"to":[81],"enhance":[82],"model":[83,170],"alignment.":[84],"In":[85],"zero":[86,130],"settings,":[89],"evaluate":[91],"eight":[92],"on":[94],"QAES":[96],"dataset,":[97],"first":[99,182],"publicly":[100],"available":[101],"Arabic":[102,188],"resource":[104,199],"level":[107,126],"annotations.":[108],"Experimental":[109],"results":[110],"using":[111],"Quadratic":[112],"Weighted":[113],"Kappa":[114],"(QWK)":[115],"Confidence":[117],"Intervals":[118],"show":[119],"Fanar-1-9B-Instruct":[121],"achieves":[122],"highest":[124],"agreement":[127],"both":[129],"(QWK":[134],"=":[135,139],"0.28":[136],"CI":[138],"0.41),":[140],"yielding":[144],"consistent":[145],"gains":[146],"across":[147],"all":[148],"models.":[151],"Discourse-level":[152],"Development":[156],"Style":[158],"showed":[159],"greatest":[161],"improvements.":[162],"These":[163],"findings":[164],"confirm":[165],"structured":[167],"prompting,":[168],"not":[169],"scale":[171],"alone,":[172],"enables":[173],"effective":[174],"Arabic.":[177],"Our":[178],"study":[179],"comprehensive":[183],"oriented":[187],"sets":[191],"foundation":[193],"scalable":[195],"assessment":[196],"low":[198],"educational":[200],"contexts.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}